通常,网络应用能够上传文件(个人资料图片,歌曲,PDF格式,文字.....)非常有用.我们将在本章讨论如何上传文件.
在开始播放图片之前,请确保您拥有Python图像库(PIL)已安装.现在为了说明上传图片,让我们在myapp/forms.py :
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*- from django import forms class ProfileForm(forms.Form): name = forms.CharField(max_length = 100) picture = forms.ImageFields()
正如您所看到的,这里的主要区别只是 forms.ImageField . ImageField将确保上传的文件是图像.如果没有,表单验证将失败.
现在让我们创建一个"Profile"模型来保存我们上传的个人资料.这是在myapp/models.py :
from django.db import models class Profile(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 50) picture = models.ImageField(upload_to = 'pictures') class Meta: db_table = "profile"
正如您可以看到的模型,ImageField采用强制参数: upload_to .这表示硬盘上保存图像的位置.请注意,该参数将添加到settings.py文件中定义的MEDIA_ROOT选项.
现在我们有了Form和Model,让我们在myapp/views中创建视图. py :
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*- from myapp.forms import ProfileForm from myapp.models import Profile def SaveProfile(request): saved = False if request.method == "POST": #Get the posted form MyProfileForm = ProfileForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if MyProfileForm.is_valid(): profile = Profile() profile.name = MyProfileForm.cleaned_data["name"] profile.picture = MyProfileForm.cleaned_data["picture"] profile.save() saved = True else: MyProfileForm = Profileform() return render(request, 'saved.html', locals())
部分不要错过了 是,创建ProfileForm时有一个变化,我们添加了第二个参数: request.FILES .如果没有通过,表单验证将失败,给出一条消息,说明图片为空.
现在,我们只需要 saved.html 模板和 profile.html 模板,用于表单和重定向页面 :
myapp/templates/saved.html :
<html> <body> {% if saved %} <strong>Your profile was saved.</strong> {% endif %} {% if not saved %} <strong>Your profile was not saved.</strong> {% endif %} </body> </html>
myapp/templates/profile.html :
<html> <body> <form name = "form" enctype = "multipart/form-data" action = "{% url "myapp.views.SaveProfile" %}" method = "POST" >{% csrf_token %} <div style = "max-width:470px;"> <center> <input type = "text" style = "margin-left:20%;" placeholder = "Name" name = "name" /> </center> </div> <br> <div style = "max-width:470px;"> <center> <input type = "file" style = "margin-left:20%;" placeholder = "Picture" name = "picture" /> </center> </div> <br> <div style = "max-width:470px;"> <center> <button style = "border:0px;background-color:#4285F4; margin-top:8%; height:35px; width:80%; margin-left:19%;" type = "submit" value = "Login" > <strong>Login</strong> </button> </center> </div> </form> </body> </html>
接下来,我们需要开始使用这对URL:myapp/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url from django.views.generic import TemplateView urlpatterns = patterns( 'myapp.views', url(r'^profile/',TemplateView.as_view( template_name = 'profile.html')), url(r'^saved/', 'SaveProfile', name = 'saved') )
访问"/myapp/profile"时,我们将获得以下profile.html模板呈现 :
在表单上,保存的模板将呈现 :
我们有一个图片样本,但是如果你想上传另一种类型的文件,而不仅仅是图像,只需用 Fil替换模型和表单中的 ImageField 数字油田