报告字段是元素，表示数据源和报告模板之间的数据映射.可以在报表表达式中组合字段以获得所需的输出.报告模板可以包含零个或多个< field>元素.声明报告字段时，数据源应提供与报告模板中定义的所有字段相对应的数据.
字段声明已完成如下所示 :
<field name = "FieldName" class = "java.lang.String"/>
< field>的 name 属性元素是强制性的.它按名称引用报表表达式中的字段.
类属性指定类的名称字段值.它的默认值是 java.lang.String .这可以更改为运行时可用的任何类.无论报告字段的类型如何，引擎都会在使用$ F {}标记的报告表达式中进行转换，因此无需手动转换.
< fieldDesciption> element是一个可选元素.这在实现自定义数据源时非常有用.例如，我们可以存储密钥或一些信息，通过这些信息，我们可以在运行时从自定义数据源中检索字段的值.通过使用< fieldDesciption>在从数据源检索字段值时，您可以轻松地克服字段命名约定的限制.
以下是我们现有JRXML文件中的一段代码(章报告设计).在这里，我们可以看到 名称 ， 类 和 fieldDescription 元素.
<field name = "country" class = "java.lang.String"> <fieldDescription><![CDATA[country]]></fieldDescription> </field> <field name = "name" class = "java.lang.String"> <fieldDescription><![CDATA[name]]></fieldDescription> </field>
在需要数据排序且数据源实现不支持时(例如，对于CSV数据源，JasperReports支持基于内存的基于字段的数据源排序.可以使用一个或多个< sortField>来完成排序.报告模板中的元素.
如果指定了至少一个排序字段，则在报告填充过程中，数据源将传递给 JRSortableDataSource 实例.这反过来，从数据源获取所有记录，根据指定的字段执行内存排序，并替换原始数据源.
排序字段名称应与报告相同字段名称.用于排序的字段应具有实现java.util.Comparable的类型.对除java.lang.String类型之外的所有字段执行自然顺序排序(对于String类型，使用与报表填充区域设置对应的collator).如果指定了多个排序字段，则将使用字段作为排序键按照它们在报告模板中显示的顺序执行排序.下面的示例演示了排序功能.
让我们添加< sortField >我们现有报告模板的元素(第报告设计).让我们按降序排序字段 country .修订后的报告模板(jasper_report_template.jrxml)如下所示.将其保存到C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1 \ test目录 :
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE jasperReport PUBLIC
"//JasperReports//DTD Report Design//EN"
"http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/dtds/jasperreport.dtd">
<jasperReport xmlns = "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports" xmlns:xsi =
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation =
"http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports
http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/xsd/jasperreport.xsd"
name = "jasper_report_template" pageWidth = "595" pageHeight = "842"
columnWidth = "515" leftMargin = "40" rightMargin = "40"
topMargin = "50" bottomMargin = "50">
<parameter name = "ReportTitle" class = "java.lang.String"/>
<parameter name = "Author" class = "java.lang.String"/>
<queryString>
<![CDATA[]]>
</queryString>
<field name = "country" class = "java.lang.String">
<fieldDescription><![CDATA[country]]></fieldDescription>
</field>
<field name = "name" class = "java.lang.String">
<fieldDescription><![CDATA[name]]></fieldDescription>
</field>
<sortField name = "country" order = "Descending"/>
<sortField name = "name"/>
<title>
<band height = "70">
<line>
<reportElement x = "0" y = "0" width = "515" height = "1"/>
</line>
<textField isBlankWhenNull = "true" bookmarkLevel = "1">
<reportElement x = "0" y = "10" width = "515" height = "30"/>
<textElement textAlignment = "Center">
<font size = "22"/>
</textElement>
<textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
<![CDATA[$P{ReportTitle}]]>
</textFieldExpression>
<anchorNameExpression>
<![CDATA["Title"]]>
</anchorNameExpression>
</textField>
<textField isBlankWhenNull = "true">
<reportElement x = "0" y = "40" width = "515" height = "20"/>
<textElement textAlignment = "Center">
<font size = "10"/>
</textElement>
<textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
<![CDATA[$P{Author}]]>
</textFieldExpression>
</textField>
</band>
</title>
<columnHeader>
<band height = "23">
<staticText>
<reportElement mode = "Opaque" x = "0" y = "3" width = "535" height = "15"
backcolor = "#70A9A9" />
<box>
<bottomPen lineWidth = "1.0" lineColor = "#CCCCCC" />
</box>
<textElement />
<text>
<![CDATA[]]>
</text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x = "414" y = "3" width = "121" height = "15" />
<textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle">
<font isBold = "true" />
</textElement>
<text><![CDATA[Country]]></text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x = "0" y = "3" width = "136" height = "15" />
<textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle">
<font isBold = "true" />
</textElement>
<text><![CDATA[Name]]></text>
</staticText>
</band>
</columnHeader>
<detail>
<band height = "16">
<staticText>
<reportElement mode = "Opaque" x = "0" y = "0" width = "535" height = "14"
backcolor = "#E5ECF9" />
<box>
<bottomPen lineWidth = "0.25" lineColor = "#CCCCCC" />
</box>
<textElement />
<text>
<![CDATA[]]>
</text>
</staticText>
<textField>
<reportElement x = "414" y = "0" width = "121" height = "15" />
<textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle">
<font size = "9" />
</textElement>
<textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
<![CDATA[$F{country}]]>
</textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField>
<reportElement x = "0" y = "0" width = "136" height = "15" />
<textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle" />
<textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
<![CDATA[$F{name}]]>
</textFieldExpression>
</textField>
</band>
</detail>
</jasperReport>报告填充的java代码保持不变.文件 C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\src\com\it1352\ JapersReportFill.java 的内容如下所示 :
package com.it1352;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JRException;
import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JasperFillManager;
import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.data.JRBeanCollectionDataSource;
public class JasperReportFill {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void main(String[] args) {
String sourceFileName =
"C://tools/jasperreports-5.0.1/test/jasper_report_template.jasper";
DataBeanList DataBeanList = new DataBeanList();
ArrayList<DataBean> dataList = DataBeanList.getDataBeanList();
JRBeanCollectionDataSource beanColDataSource =
new JRBeanCollectionDataSource(dataList);
Map parameters = new HashMap();
/**
* Passing ReportTitle and Author as parameters
*/
parameters.put("ReportTitle", "List of Contacts");
parameters.put("Author", "Prepared By Manisha");
try {
JasperFillManager.fillReportToFile(
sourceFileName, parameters, beanColDataSource);
} catch (JRException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}POJO文件的内容 C:\tools\jasperreports -5.0.1\test\src\com\it1352\ DataBean.java 如下所示 :
package com.it1352;
public class DataBean {
private String name;
private String country;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getCountry() {
return country;
}
public void setCountry(String country) {
this.country = country;
}
}文件的内容 C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1 \ test \src\com\it1352\ DataBeanList.java 如下所示 :
package com. it1352;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class DataBeanList {
public ArrayList<DataBean> getDataBeanList() {
ArrayList<DataBean> dataBeanList = new ArrayList<DataBean>();
dataBeanList.add(produce("Manisha", "India"));
dataBeanList.add(produce("Dennis Ritchie", "USA"));
dataBeanList.add(produce("V.Anand", "India"));
dataBeanList.add(produce("Shrinath", "California"));
return dataBeanList;
}
/**
* This method returns a DataBean object,
* with name and country set in it.
*/
private DataBean produce(String name, String country) {
DataBean dataBean = new DataBean();
dataBean.setName(name);
dataBean.setCountry(country);
return dataBean;
}
}我们将使用以下方法编译并执行上述文件我们定期的ANT构建过程.文件build.xml的内容(保存在目录C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1 \ test下面)如下所示.
导入文件 - baseBuild. xml是从环境设置一章中挑选出来的，应该与build.xml放在同一目录中.
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project name = "JasperReportTest" default = "viewFillReport" basedir = ".">
<import file = "baseBuild.xml" />
<target name = "viewFillReport" depends = "compile,compilereportdesing,run"
description = "Launches the report viewer to preview
the report stored in the .JRprint file.">
<java classname = "net.sf.jasperreports.view.JasperViewer" fork = "true">
<arg value = "-F${file.name}.JRprint" />
<classpath refid = "classpath" />
</java>
</target>
<target name = "compilereportdesing" description = "Compiles the JXML file and
produces the .jasper file.">
<taskdef name = "jrc" classname = "net.sf.jasperreports.ant.JRAntCompileTask">
<classpath refid = "classpath" />
</taskdef>
<jrc destdir = ".">
<src>
<fileset dir = ".">
<include name = "*.jrxml" />
</fileset>
</src>
<classpath refid = "classpath" />
</jrc>
</target>
</project>接下来，让我们打开命令行窗口并转到build.xml所在的目录.最后，执行命令 ant -Dmain-class = com.it1352.JasperReportFill (viewFullReport是默认目标)，如下所示 :
C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test>ant -Dmain-class=com.IT屋.JasperReportFill Buildfile: C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\build.xml clean-sample: [delete] Deleting directory C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\classes [delete] Deleting: C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\jasper_report_template.jasper [delete] Deleting: C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\jasper_report_template.jrprint compile: [mkdir] Created dir: C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\classes [javac] C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\baseBuild.xml:28: warning: 'includeantruntime' was not set, defaulting to build.sysclasspath=last; set to false for repeatable builds [javac] Compiling 7 source files to C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\classes compilereportdesing: [jrc] Compiling 1 report design files. [jrc] log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.jasperreports.engine.xml.JRXmlDigesterFactory). [jrc] log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. [jrc] log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info. [jrc] File : C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\jasper_report_template.jrxml ... OK. run: [echo] Runnin class : com.IT屋.JasperReportFill [java] log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.jasperreports.extensions.ExtensionsEnvironment). [java] log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. viewFillReport: [java] log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.jasperreports.extensions.ExtensionsEnvironment). [java] log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 18 seconds
由于上面的编译，JasperViewer窗口打开为在下面给出的屏幕中显示 :
在这里，我们可以看到国家/地区名称按字母顺序按降序排列.
