使用您的Servlet发送电子邮件非常简单,但首先应该在您的计算机上安装 JavaMail API 和 Java Activation Framework(JAF).
您可以下载 JavaMail(版本1.2).
您可以下载最新版本的 JAF(版本1.1.1).
下载并解压缩这些文件,在新创建的顶级目录中,您将找到两个应用程序的jar文件.您需要在CLASSPATH中添加 mail.jar 和 activation.jar 文件.
以下是从您的计算机发送简单电子邮件的示例.这里假设您的 localhost 已连接到互联网并且足以发送电子邮件.同时确保来自Java Email API包和JAF包的所有jar文件都在CLASSPATH中可用.
// File Name SendEmail.java import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendEmail extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); // Set response content type response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); try { // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Now set the actual message message.setText("This is actual message"); // Send message Transport.send(message); String title = "Send Email"; String res = "Sent message successfully...."; String docType = "<!doctype html public -//w3c//dtd html 4.0 " + "transitional//en>\n"; out.println(docType + "<html>\n" + "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" + "<body bgcolor = #f0f0f0>\n" + "<h1 align = center>" + title + "</h1>\n" + "<p align = center>" + res + "</p>\n" + "</body> </html>" ); } catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } } }
现在让我们编译上面的servlet并在web.xml中创建以下条目
.... <servlet> <servlet-name>SendEmail</servlet-name> <servlet-class>SendEmail</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SendEmail</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/SendEmail</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> ....
现在使用URL http://localhost:8080/SendEmail调用此servlet,它将向给定的电子邮件ID发送电子邮件 abcd@gmail.com 并显示以下回复 :
Send EmailSent message successfully....
如果要发送发送给多个收件人的电子邮件,然后使用以下方法指定多个电子邮件ID :
void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses) throws MessagingException
以下是参数的说明 :
输入 : 这将设置为TO,CC或BCC.此处CC表示碳复制,BCC表示黑碳复制.示例 Message.RecipientType.TO
地址 : 这是电子邮件ID的数组.您需要在指定电子邮件ID时使用InternetAddress()方法.
以下是从您的计算机发送HTML电子邮件的示例.这里假设您的 localhost 已连接到互联网并且足以发送电子邮件.同时,确保来自Java Email API包和JAF包的所有jar文件都在CLASSPATH中可用.
此示例与前一个示例非常相似,除非我们使用setContent ()方法设置第二个参数为"text/html"的内容,以指定HTML内容包含在消息中.
使用此示例,您可以发送与HTML内容一样大的内容你喜欢.
// File Name SendEmail.java import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendEmail extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); // Set response content type response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); try { // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html" ); // Send message Transport.send(message); String title = "Send Email"; String res = "Sent message successfully...."; String docType = "<!doctype html public -//w3c//dtd html 4.0 " + "transitional//en>\n"; out.println(docType + "<html>\n" + "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" + "<body bgcolor = #f0f0f0>\n" + "<h1 align = center>" + title + "</h1>\n" + "<p align = center>" + res + "</p>\n" + "</body> </html>" ); } catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } } }
编译并运行上述servlet,以便在给定的电子邮件ID上发送HTML消息.
以下是从您的计算机发送包含附件的电子邮件的示例.这里假设您的 localhost 已连接到互联网并且足以发送电子邮件.
// File Name SendEmail.java import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendEmail extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); // Set response content type response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); try { // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Create the message part BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); // Fill the message messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body"); // Create a multipar message Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart(); // Set text message part multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart); // Part two is attachment messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); String filename = "file.txt"; DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename); messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source)); messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename); multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart); // Send the complete message parts message.setContent(multipart ); // Send message Transport.send(message); String title = "Send Email"; String res = "Sent message successfully...."; String docType = "<!doctype html public -//w3c//dtd html 4.0 " + "transitional//en>\n"; out.println(docType + "<html>\n" + "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" + "<body bgcolor = #f0f0f0>\n" + "<h1 align = center>" + title + "</h1>\n" + "<p align = center>" + res + "</p>\n" + "</body> </html>" ); } catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } } }
编译并运行上面的servlet,将文件作为附件发送,同时发送消息给定的电子邮件ID.
如果需要向电子邮件服务器提供用户ID和密码以进行身份验证,那么您可以设置这些属性如下 :
props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser"); props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");
其余的电子邮件发送机制将保持如上所述.