R中的标签对数刻度显示 [英] Labelling logarithmic scale display in R

问题描述

在绘制组织干图，散点图和其他标度为R的对数标度的图时，如何使用诸如10 ^ -1 10 ^ 0 10 ^ 1 10 ^ 2 10 ^ 3之类的标签代替轴仅显示-1、0、1、2、3等.应该在命令中添加哪些参数，例如hist()，plot()等?

While plotting histogarm, scatterplots and other plots with axes scaled to logarithmic scale in R, how is it possible to use labels such as 10^-1 10^0 10^1 10^2 10^3 and so on instead of the axes showing just -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 etc. What parameters should be added to the commands such as hist(), plot() etc?

推荐答案

除了ggplot2的解决方案(请参见gsk3的注释)，我想补充一点，当使用正确的参数时，在plot()中也会自动发生这种情况，例如:

Apart from the solution of ggplot2 (see gsk3's comment), I would like to add that this happens automatically in plot() as well when using the correct arguments, eg :

x <- 1:10
y <- exp(1:10)
plot(x,y,log="y")

您可以将参数log="x"用于X轴，或者将log="xy"用于两者.

You can use the parameter log="x" for the X axis, or log="xy" for both.

如果您要格式化数字或以对数格式存储数据，则可以使用axis()来解决.一些有趣的功能:

If you want to format the numbers, or you have the data in log format, you can do a workaround using axis(). Some interesting functions :

• axTicks(x)给出刻度线在X轴(x = 1)或Y轴(x = 2)上的位置
• bquote()将表达式转换为语言，但可以用其值替换变量.有关bquote()的更多信息，请参见问题乳胶和变量在R中的情节标签中?.
• as.expression()使来自bquote()的语言对象成为表达式.这使axis()可以按照?plotmath中的说明进行格式化.语言对象无法做到这一点.

• axTicks(x) gives you the location of the ticks on the X-axis (x=1) or Y-axis (x=2)
• bquote() converts expressions to language, but can replace a variable with its value. More information on bquote() in the question Latex and variables in plot label in R? .
• as.expression() makes the language object coming from bquote() an expression. This allows axis() to do the formatting as explained in ?plotmath. It can't do so with language objects.

一个很好的格式化示例:

An example for nice formatting :

x <- y <- 1:10
plot(x,y,yaxt="n")
aty <- axTicks(2)
labels <- sapply(aty,function(i)
            as.expression(bquote(10^ .(i)))
          )
axis(2,at=aty,labels=labels)

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