用bash转义引号(Embedded awk) [英] Escaping quotes in bash (Embedded awk)

问题描述

我有一个复杂的命令，我要通过ssh传递给远程服务器.我正在尝试解压缩文件，然后在第二个ssh命令中更改其命名结构和扩展名.我的命令是:

I have a complex command I am passing via ssh to a remote server. I am trying to unzip a file and then change its naming structure and extension in a second ssh command. The command I have is:

ssh root@server1 "gzip -d /tmp/file.out-20171119.gz; echo file* | awk -F'[.-]' '{print $1$3".log"}'"

很明显，打印语句的.log部分周围的使我失败.我的想法是，我将从文件名中删除.out部分，最后得到file20171119.log作为结束结果.对语法或如何正确进行转义感到困惑，因此bash会正确解释.log.

Obviously the " around the .log portion of the print statement are failing me. The idea is that I would strip the .out portion from the filename and end up with file20171119.log as an ending result. I am just a bit confused on the syntax or on how to escape that properly so bash interprets the .log appropriately.

推荐答案

解决此问题的最简单方法是避免它.不必费心尝试转义脚本以进入命令行:而是在stdin上传递它.

The easiest way to deal with this problem is to avoid it. Don't bother trying to escape your script to go on a command line: Pass it on stdin instead.

ssh root@server1 bash -s <<'EOF'
  gzip -d /tmp/file.out-20171119.gz
  # note that (particularly w/o a cd /tmp) this doesn't do anything at all related to the
  # line above; thus, probably buggy as given in the original question.
  echo file* | awk -F'[.-]' '{print $1$3".log"}'
EOF

一个带引号的heredoc-用<<'EOF'或<<\EOF而不是<<EOF的字体-按原样传递，没有任何shell扩展；因此，$1或$3不会被调用shell取代，就像被带引号的heredoc取代一样.

A quoted heredoc -- one with <<'EOF' or <<\EOF instead of <<EOF -- is passed literally, without any shell expansions; thus, $1 or $3 will not be replaced by the calling shell as they would with an unquoted heredoc.

如果您不想走回避路线，则可以让Shell自己为自己报价.例如:

If you don't want to go the avoidance route, you can have the shell do the quoting for you itself. For example:

external_function() {
  gzip -d /tmp/file.out-20171119.gz
  echo file* | awk -F'[.-]' '{print $1$3".log"}'
}

ssh root@server1 "$(declare -f external_function); external_function"

declare -f打印功能的定义.将函数按字面意义放入SSH命令中可确保它可以远程运行.

declare -f prints a definition of a function. Putting that function literally into your SSH command ensures that it's run remotely.

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