如何使用makefile包含C中另一个目录中的.a静态库和.h文件? [英] how to use makefile to include .a static library and .h file from another directory in C?

问题描述

我创建了一个.h头文件，实现并创建了.a静态库文件，它们都位于/home/data/folder1的目录中.

I have created a .h header file, implemented and created .a static library file, both of them are in directory in say, /home/data/folder1.

我还有另一个.c文件，它将使用链接.h头文件和.a库文件.但是，.c文件位于目录/home/data/folder2中.

I have another .c file which will use link the .h header file and the .a library file. However, the .c file is in directory /home/data/folder2.

我应该在Makefile(也位于/home/data/folder2中)中写些什么?另外，我应该在要编译的.c文件中包含myheader.h吗?到目前为止，这是我目前无法使用的内容:

What should I write in the Makefile (which is also located in /home/data/folder2)? Also, should I include myheader.h in the .c file that I want to compile? Here is what I have so far, but not working:

LIBB = -L/home/data/folder1/libmylib.a

HEADER = -L/home/data/folder2/myheader.h

main: main.o
    gcc $(HEADER) $(LIBB) $< -o $@

main.o: main.c
    gcc -c main.c

.PHONY: clean

clean:

    rm -f *.o *.~ a.out main

任何帮助将不胜感激，在此先感谢您！

Any help will be appreciated, thanks in advance!

推荐答案

包括非标准目录中的头文件和库很简单.

Including header files and libraries from non-standard directories is simple.

您具有包含库的目录 的路径和包含标头的目录的路径，因此我们将它们存储在变量中:

You have the path to the directory containing the library and the one containing the header, so we store those in variables:

LIBB = /home/data/folder1
LIBINCLUDE = /home/data/folder2

现在，GCC需要知道在哪里查找标头，因此我们只需将其包含在CFLAGS中.链接器(不是编译器)需要知道在哪里寻找库，因此我们可以将其添加到LDFLAGS:

Now GCC needs to know where to look for headers, so we simply include it in the CFLAGS. The linker (not the compiler) needs to know where to look for libraries, so we can add that to LDFLAGS:

CFLAGS += -I$(LIBINCLUDE)
LDFLAGS += -L$(LIBB)

如果未明确运行GCC，它将自动使用CFLAGS和LDFLAGS.

It will use the CFLAGS and LDFLAGS automatically if you don't explicitly run GCC.

但是对于链接步骤，它需要知道该库是必需的，所以:

But for the link step, it needs to know that the library is needed, so:

LDFLAGS += -static -lmylib

链接器将在LDFLAGS的-L选项命名的所有目录中寻找libmylib.a.

The linker will look for libmylib.a in all of the directories named by the -L options in LDFLAGS.

由于main和main.o的规则是明确的，因此应进行更改(但请务必使用制表符，而不是4个空格):

Since your rules for main and main.o are explicit, change them like so (but be sure to use a tab, not 4 spaces):

main: main.o
    gcc $(LDFLAGS) $< -o $@

main.o: main.c
    gcc $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@

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