如何为结构化文件系统编写Makefile [英] How to write a Makefile for structured file system

问题描述

我正在尝试学习如何为我的项目编写makefile.鉴于我正在使用诸如sublime-text和终端之类的文本编辑器.

I'm trying to learn how to write makefiles for my projects. Given that I'm using a text editor like sublime-text and the terminal.

如果所有文件都在同一目录中，我知道如何编写一个makefile来编译一个文件及其相关的头文件.

I know how to write a makefile to compile a single file and it's relevant header files IF all files are in the same directory.

想象一下，我们有一个目录和一些子目录，其结构如下:

Imagine that we have a directory and some sub-directories which are structured like this:

Headers包含所有.h文件Objects是用于保存.o文件的目录，而Sources是具有源代码.cpp的目录Makefile在顶部级别目录.

the Headers contains all the .h files Objects is a directory to hold the .o files and Sources is a directory that has the source codes .cpp The Makefile is in the top level directory.

.
├── Headers
│   └── function.h
├── Makefile
├── Objects
│   └── main.o
└── Sources
    ├── function.cpp
    └── main.cpp

我已尝试按照 GNU make 和的答案.

此刻我的Makefile如下所示:

At the moment my Makefile looks like this:

INC_DIR = Headers
SRC_DIR = Sources
OBJ_DIR = Objects
CXXFLAGS = -c -Wall -I.
CC = g++

SRCS = $(SRC_DIR)/*.cpp 
OBJS = $(OBJ_DIR)/*.o

DEPS = $(INC_DIR)/*.h

output: $(OBJ_DIR)/main.o $(OBJ_DIR)/function.o
    $(CC) $^ -o $@

$(OBJ_DIR)/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/%.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) $(CXXFLAGS)  $< -o $@

clean: 
    rm $(OBJ_DIR)/*.o output

执行make时会产生以下错误

g++ -c -Wall -I.  Sources/function.cpp -o Objects/function.o
Sources/function.cpp:2:22: fatal error: function.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
Makefile:30: recipe for target 'Objects/function.o' failed
make: *** [Objects/function.o] Error 1

我知道我做错了事，但不知道该怎么办以及如何解决.

I know that I'm doing something wrong but can't figure out what and how to fix it.

感谢您的帮助和指导.

推荐答案

将Headers添加到您的CXXFLAGS:

 CXXFLAGS = -c -Wall -I. -IHeaders
                       # ^^^^^^^^^ 

---

您也可能想使用GCC的-M<x>选项系列生成标头依赖项，并将其包含在Makefile中.

---

Also you rather might want to generate header dependencies using GCC's -M<x> option family and include these into your Makefile.

这是GNU make的文档中有关该技术的一个很好的解释:

Here's a pretty good explanation for the technique from GNU make's documentation:

> 4.14自动生成先决条件

更多信息也可以在这里找到:

more info can be also found here:

Makefile(自动生成依赖项)

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