使用PHP和.htaccess进行url路由 [英] url routing with PHP and .htaccess

问题描述

我想使用MVC模式将我的逻辑从表示形式和数据中划分出来。

好，我一直在搜索我。但事实是，我什至不知道要搜索什么。

我正在尝试在php中设置MVC框架。我正在关注youtube上的教程，并且停留在路由点。

我已经阅读了很多指南，每个人都以不同的方式讲课，只会造成更多的混乱。

问题是这样的：

我有一个包含某些指令的.htaccess文件（但问题是我不知道所有这些指令的含义。我从不了解htaccess逻辑）

  Options -MultiViews 
 RewriteEngine On 
 
＃我认为这可以设置网站的基本网址？ 
 RewriteBase /〜caiuscitiriga / mvc / public 
 
＃这是什么意思？ 
 RewriteCond％{REQUEST_FILENAME}！-d 
 RewriteCond％{REQUEST_FILENAME}！-f 
 
＃这是？！ 
 RewriteRule ^（。+）$ index.php？url = $ 1 [QSA，L] 
  

然后我有以下php脚本：

Index.php

 <？php 
 
 require_once'../app/init.php'; 
 
 $ app =新App（）; 
  

init.php

 <？php 
 
 require_once'core / App.php'; 
 require_once‘core / Controller.php’; 
  

App.php

不要问我为什么使用 filter_var 和 rtrim 。因为这正是我要弄清楚的。如我之前所说，此代码不是我的。我确定诀窍完全在.htacess和App.php中，但我不理解逻辑

  class App {
 
 
受保护的$ controller ='home'; 
保护$ method =索引; 
受保护的$ params = []; 
 
 
公共功能__construct（）
 {
 print_r（$ this-> parseUrl（））; 
} 
 
公共函数parseUrl（）
 {
 if（isset（$ _ GET ['url']））
 {
 return $ url = explode（'/'，filter_var（rtrim（$ _ GET ['url']，'/'），FILTER_SANITIZE_URL））; 
} 
} 
} 
  

Controller.php

 <？php 
 
 class Controller {
 
} 
  

home.php

 <？php 
 
类Home扩展控制器{
 
公共功能index（）
 {
 echo'home / index'; 
} 
} 
  

如果我通过以下网址： localhost /〜caiuscitiriga / mvc / public / home / index / maxine

我得到了这个：数组（[0] => home [1] => index [ 2] => maxine）

为什么？！？我的意思是，这是正确的。但是为什么呢？

解决方案

  RewriteCond％{REQUEST_FILENAME}！-d 
 RewriteCond％{REQUEST_FILENAME}！-f 
 RewriteRule ^（。+）$ index.php？url = $ 1 [QSA，L] 
  

我将以上内容理解为：如果请求不是目录，也不是文件，则采用路径并将其以url属性作为路径在内部传递给index.php。 / p>

所以现在

  // example.com/big/bad/妈妈
  

映射到

  //example.com/index.php?url=大/坏/妈妈
  

您可以根据需要调用上面的脚本。

然后，您的解析网址就是url的值（ big / bad / mamma），删除了如果有斜杠，则以斜杠结尾。然后在遇到正斜杠的任何地方分割字符串。因此，您将分为三个部分。

来自手册：

FILTER_SANITIZE_URL过滤器将删除除字母，数字和$ -_。+！*！（）外的所有字符，{} | \ ^〜[]`<>＃％; /？：@& =。

但是如果您想了解请分解片段：

  $ url = $ _GET ['url']; 
 var_dump（$ url）; 
 $ url = rtrim（$ url，'/'）; 
 var_dump（$ url）; 
 $ url = filter_var（$ url，FILTER_SANITIZE_URL）; 
 var_dump（$ url）; 
 $ url = explode（'/'，$ url）; 
 var_dump（$ url）; 
  

I want to use the MVC pattern to divide my logic, from the presentation and the data.

Well, i've been searching for i while. But the truth is that i don't even know what to search.

I'm trying to setup a MVC Framework in php. I'm following a tutorial on youtube, and i'm stuck at the routing point.

I've read a LOT of guides, and every single one teaches things in different ways, creating only more confusion.

The point is this:

i have a .htaccess file that contains some directives (but the problem is that i don't know what all those directives means. I've never understood the htaccess logic)

Options -MultiViews
RewriteEngine On

#I think this sets the base url of the site?
RewriteBase /~caiuscitiriga/mvc/public

#What does this mean??
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

#AND THIS?!
RewriteRule ^(.+)$ index.php?url=$1 [QSA,L]

And then i have these php scripts:

Index.php

<?php

require_once '../app/init.php';

$app = new App();

init.php

<?php

require_once 'core/App.php';
require_once 'core/Controller.php';

App.php

Don't ask me why i used filter_var and rtrim. Because is exactly what i want to figure out. As i said before, this code isn't mine. I'm sure that the trick it's exactly in .htacess and App.php but i don't understand the logic

class App{


    protected $controller = 'home';
    protected $method = 'index';
    protected $params = [];


    public function __construct()
    {
        print_r($this->parseUrl());
    }

    public function parseUrl()
    {
        if(isset($_GET['url']))
        {
            return $url = explode('/', filter_var(rtrim($_GET['url'], '/'), FILTER_SANITIZE_URL));
        }
    }
}

Controller.php

<?php

class Controller{

}

home.php

<?php

class Home extends Controller{

    public function index()
    {
        echo 'home/index';
    }
}

If i pass this url: localhost/~caiuscitiriga/mvc/public/home/index/maxine
I GET THIS: Array ( [0] => home [1] => index [2] => maxine )

WHY?!!? I mean, it's correct. But why??

解决方案

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.+)$ index.php?url=$1 [QSA,L]

I read the above as, if the request is not a directory, and not a file, then take the path and pass it to index.php internally with the url attribute as the path.

So now

//example.com/big/bad/mamma

maps to

 //example.com/index.php?url=big/bad/mamma

You could call the script as above if you want.

Then your parse url is taking the value of url ('big/bad/mamma'), removing a trailing slash if there is one. And then splitting the string wherever it encounters a forward slash. So you end up with three parts. Which is what you have in your array.

From the manual:

The FILTER_SANITIZE_URL filter will remove all characters except letters, digits and $-_.+!*'(),{}|\^~[]`<>#%";/?:@&=.

But break it down if you want to understand the pieces:

$url = $_GET['url'];
var_dump($url);
$url = rtrim($url, '/');
var_dump($url);
$url = filter_var($url, FILTER_SANITIZE_URL);
var_dump($url);
$url = explode('/', $url);
var_dump($url);

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