如何绘制3D图以表示空间中的对象 [英] How to plot a 3D Graph to represent an object in space
本文介绍了如何绘制3D图以表示空间中的对象的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我有一个在空间输出x，y，z位置的机器人。我的问题是只能使用图表在Windows窗体中找到2D图。
我想在3D空间中绘制机器人。我可以使用的任何工具？
与此类似的东西：
为此我需要一个免费的软件解决方案
编辑：
我的2D图形atm：
chart1.ChartAreas [0] .AxisX.Minimum = 0;
chart1.ChartAreas [0] .AxisX.Maximum = 12;
chart1.ChartAreas [0] .AxisX.Interval = 1;
chart1.ChartAreas [0] .AxisY.Minimum = 0;
chart1.ChartAreas [0] .AxisY.Maximum = 7;
chart1.ChartAreas [0] .AxisY.Interval = 1;
//示例
posicao_atual_master.X = 10;
posicao_atual_master.Y = 5;
chart1.Series [0] .Points.Clear（）;
chart1.Series [0] .Points.AddXY（posicao_atual_master.X，posicao_atual_master.Y）;
设计者：
// chart1
//
chartArea1.AxisX.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.AxisX.MajorTickMark.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.AxisY.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.AxisY.MajorTickMark.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.Name = ChartArea1;
chartArea1.Position.Auto = false;
chartArea1.Position.Height = 100F;
chartArea1.Position.Width = 90F;
this.chart1.ChartAreas.Add（chartArea1）;
legend1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
legend1.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
legend1.Font =新的System.Drawing.Font（ Microsoft Sans Serif，4F，System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold，System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Millimeter，（（byte（（1）），true） ;
legend1.IsTextAutoFit = false;
legend1.Name = legen;
legend1.TableStyle = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.LegendTableStyle.Tall;
this.chart1.Legends.Add（legend1）;
this.chart1.Location =新的System.Drawing.Point（543，49）;
this.chart1.Name = chart1;
series1.ChartArea = ChartArea1;
series1.ChartType = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.SeriesChartType.Point;
series1.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
series1.Legend = legen;
series1.MarkerBorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
series1.MarkerImage = C：\\Users\\Tiago\\Desktop\\CODIGO_TESE_FINAL_BACKUP1408_BOM\\C＃-AR.Drone SDK\\AR.Dron +
e\\icone_drone_verde.png;
series1.MarkerImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red;
series1.Name =大师;
series2.ChartArea = ChartArea1;
series2.ChartType = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.SeriesChartType.Point;
series2.Legend = legen;
series2.MarkerImage = C：\\Users\\Tiago\\Desktop\\CODIGO_TESE_FINAL_BACKUP1408_BOM\\Fotos dos Relatórios\\icon +
e_drone_vermelho.png;
series2.Name =奴隶;
this.chart1.Series.Add（series1）;
this.chart1.Series.Add（series2）;
this.chart1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size（1159，359）;
this.chart1.TabIndex = 7;
this.chart1.Text = chart1;
this.chart1.MouseDown + =新的System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler（this.chart1_MouseDown）;
this.chart1.MouseMove + =新的System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler（this.chart1_MouseMove）;
this.chart1.MouseUp + =新的System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler（this.chart1_MouseUp）;
编辑：
首先，我们准备图表。许多细节都可以满足您的需求；
void prepare3dChart（图表图表，ChartArea ca）
{
ca.Area3DStyle.Enable3D = true; //将图表区域设置为3D！
ca.AxisX.Minimum = -250;
ca.AxisY.Minimum = -250;
ca.AxisX.Maximum = 250;
ca.AxisY.Maximum = 250;
ca.AxisX.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisY.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisX.Title = X-Achse;
ca.AxisY.Title = Y-Achse;
ca.AxisX.MajorGrid.Interval = 250;
ca.AxisY.MajorGrid.Interval = 250;
ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.Enabled = true;
ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.Enabled = true;
ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.LineColor = Color.LightSlateGray;
ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.LineColor = Color.LightSlateGray;
//我们添加了两个系列：
chart.Series.Clear（）;
for（int i = 0; i< 2; i ++）
{
Series s = chart.Series.Add（ S + i.ToString（ 00））;
s.ChartType = SeriesChartType.Bubble; //此ChartType具有一个YValue数组
s.MarkerStyle = MarkerStyle.Circle;
s [ PixelPointWidth] = 100;
s [ PixelPointGapDepth] = 1;
}
chart.ApplyPaletteColors（）;
addTestData（chart）;
}
在这里我们添加一些测试数据：
void addTestData（图表）
{
Random rnd = new Random（9）;
for（int i = 0; i< 100; i ++）
{
double x = Math.Cos（i / 10f）* 88 + rnd.Next（5）;
double y = Math.Sin（i / 11f）* 88 + rnd.Next（5）;
double z = Math.Sqrt（i * 2f）* 88 + rnd.Next（5）;
AddXY3d（chart.Series [0]，x，y，z）;
AddXY3d（chart.Series [1]，x-111，y-222，z）;
}
}
DataPoints 与此例程一起添加：
int AddXY3d（Series s，double xVal，double yVal，double zVal）
{
int p = s.Points.AddXY（xVal，yVal，zVal）;
// DataPoint对常规图表是透明的：
s.Points [p] .Color = Color.Transparent;
return p;
}
如果发生此Paint事件，我们将根据需要绘制数据。以下是线或点：
private void chart1_PostPaint（object sender，ChartPaintEventArgs e）
{
图表图表=发送者为图表；
如果（图表.Series.Count< 1）返回；
if（chart .Series [0] .Points.Count< 1）返回；
ChartArea ca = chart .ChartAreas [0];
e.ChartGraphics.Graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
List< List< PointF>>数据=新的List< List< PointF>>>（）;
foreach（图表.Series中的Series）
data.Add（GetPointsFrom3D（ca，s，s.Points.ToList（），e.ChartGraphics））;
renderLines（data，e.ChartGraphics.Graphics，chart，true）; // 选一个！
renderPoints（data，e.ChartGraphics.Graphics，chart，6）; // 选一个！
}
余弦值是使用轴方法计算的：
List< PointF> GetPointsFrom3D（ChartArea ca，Series s，
List< DataPoint> dPoints，ChartGraphics cg）
{
var p3t = dPoints.Select（x =>新Point3D（（float）ca.AxisX .ValueToPosition（x.XValue），
（float）ca.AxisY.ValueToPosition（x.YValues [0]），
（float）ca.AxisY.ValueToPosition（x.YValues [1]）） ）.ToArray（）;
ca.TransformPoints（p3t.ToArray（））;
返回p3t.Select（x => cg.GetAbsolutePoint（new PointF（x.X，x.Y）））。ToList（）;
}
实际绘制发生在这些例程中；一个会画线其他点：
void renderLines（List< List< PointF>>数据，图形，图表，布尔曲线）
{
for（int i = 0; i< chart.Series.Count; i ++）
{
if（data [i] .Count> 1 ）
使用（钢笔= new Pen（Color.FromArgb（64，chart.Series [i] .Color]，2.5f））
if（曲线）graphics.DrawCurve（pen，data [i ] .ToArray（））;
else graphics.DrawLines（pen，data [i] .ToArray（））;
}
}
void renderPoints（List< List< PointF>>数据，图形图形，统计图，浮动宽度）
{
for （int s = 0; s< chart.Series.Count; s ++）
{
Series S = chart.Series [s];
for（int p = 0; p< S.Points.Count; p ++）
使用（SolidBrush笔刷= new SolidBrush（Color.FromArgb（64，S.Color）））
graphics.FillEllipse（画笔，data [s] [p] .X-width / 2，
data [s] [p] .Y-width / 2，width，width）;
}
}
其他绘图例程（例如网格物体或区域）仅可以编码只需使用用户GDI +方法（例如DrawCurve或FillPolygon甚至是DrawImage）添加新例程。
您可以设置 ChartArea.Area3DStyle旋转和 ChartArea.Area3DStyle.Inclination 用于不同视图，如动画所示。
编辑我已经更新了 PostPaint 方法以最小化依赖项。
I have a robot that outputs x,y,z position in space. My problem is that I can only find 2D plot in windows forms using chart.
I want to plot my robot in 3D space. Any tools I can use??
Something similar to this:
I need a free software solution for this
EDIT:
My 2D graph atm:
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Minimum = 0;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Maximum = 12;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Interval = 1;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Minimum = 0;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Maximum = 7;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Interval = 1;
//example
posicao_atual_master.X = 10;
posicao_atual_master.Y = 5;
chart1.Series[0].Points.Clear();
chart1.Series[0].Points.AddXY(posicao_atual_master.X, posicao_atual_master.Y);
DESIGNER:
// chart1
//
chartArea1.AxisX.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.AxisX.MajorTickMark.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.AxisY.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.AxisY.MajorTickMark.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.Name = "ChartArea1";
chartArea1.Position.Auto = false;
chartArea1.Position.Height = 100F;
chartArea1.Position.Width = 90F;
this.chart1.ChartAreas.Add(chartArea1);
legend1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
legend1.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
legend1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 4F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Millimeter, ((byte)(1)), true);
legend1.IsTextAutoFit = false;
legend1.Name = "legen";
legend1.TableStyle = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.LegendTableStyle.Tall;
this.chart1.Legends.Add(legend1);
this.chart1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(543, 49);
this.chart1.Name = "chart1";
series1.ChartArea = "ChartArea1";
series1.ChartType = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.SeriesChartType.Point;
series1.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
series1.Legend = "legen";
series1.MarkerBorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
series1.MarkerImage = "C:\\Users\\Tiago\\Desktop\\CODIGO_TESE_FINAL_BACKUP1408_BOM\\C# - AR.Drone SDK\\AR.Dron" +
"e\\icone_drone_verde.png";
series1.MarkerImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red;
series1.Name = "Master";
series2.ChartArea = "ChartArea1";
series2.ChartType = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.SeriesChartType.Point;
series2.Legend = "legen";
series2.MarkerImage = "C:\\Users\\Tiago\\Desktop\\CODIGO_TESE_FINAL_BACKUP1408_BOM\\Fotos dos Relatórios\\icon" +
"e_drone_vermelho.png";
series2.Name = "Slave";
this.chart1.Series.Add(series1);
this.chart1.Series.Add(series2);
this.chart1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1159, 359);
this.chart1.TabIndex = 7;
this.chart1.Text = "chart1";
this.chart1.MouseDown += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.chart1_MouseDown);
this.chart1.MouseMove += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.chart1_MouseMove);
this.chart1.MouseUp += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.chart1_MouseUp);
EDIT: IMAGE
解决方案
You are correct, there is no proper way to use a real z-axis in the Chart control.
It does have a 3D style though, which can be used for a reasonably nice ChartArea.
You will have to do the painting of the graph in code though, as the built-in z-axis only support as many, or rather as few discret values as you have Series in the chart.
This is ok for some things, like a color cube, but when you need arbitryry data values it just won't do.
Instead you can do this:
- Store the z-value of each DataPoint along with the Y-value in the YValues array.
- For this you need a ChartType that supports several YValues
- Code one of the xxxPaint events to draw the graphics
- For this you need a conversion from values to pixels
First we prepare the chart. Many details are up to your needs;
void prepare3dChart(Chart chart, ChartArea ca)
{
ca.Area3DStyle.Enable3D = true; // set the chartarea to 3D!
ca.AxisX.Minimum = -250;
ca.AxisY.Minimum = -250;
ca.AxisX.Maximum = 250;
ca.AxisY.Maximum = 250;
ca.AxisX.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisY.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisX.Title = "X-Achse";
ca.AxisY.Title = "Y-Achse";
ca.AxisX.MajorGrid.Interval = 250;
ca.AxisY.MajorGrid.Interval = 250;
ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.Enabled = true;
ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.Enabled = true;
ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.LineColor = Color.LightSlateGray;
ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.LineColor = Color.LightSlateGray;
// we add two series:
chart.Series.Clear();
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
Series s = chart.Series.Add("S" + i.ToString("00"));
s.ChartType = SeriesChartType.Bubble; // this ChartType has a YValue array
s.MarkerStyle = MarkerStyle.Circle;
s["PixelPointWidth"] = "100";
s["PixelPointGapDepth"] = "1";
}
chart.ApplyPaletteColors();
addTestData(chart);
}
Here we add some test data:
void addTestData(Chart chart)
{
Random rnd = new Random(9);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
double x = Math.Cos(i/10f )*88 + rnd.Next(5);
double y = Math.Sin(i/11f)*88 + rnd.Next(5);
double z = Math.Sqrt(i*2f)*88 + rnd.Next(5);
AddXY3d( chart.Series[0], x, y, z);
AddXY3d( chart.Series[1], x-111, y-222, z);
}
}
The DataPoints are added with this routine:
int AddXY3d(Series s, double xVal, double yVal, double zVal)
{
int p = s.Points.AddXY(xVal, yVal, zVal);
// the DataPoint are transparent to the regular chart drawing:
s.Points[p].Color = Color.Transparent;
return p;
}
If this Paint event we draw the data as we like it. Here are either Lines or Points:
private void chart1_PostPaint(object sender, ChartPaintEventArgs e)
{
Chart chart = sender as Chart;
if (chart .Series.Count < 1) return;
if (chart .Series[0].Points.Count < 1) return;
ChartArea ca = chart .ChartAreas[0];
e.ChartGraphics.Graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
List<List<PointF>> data = new List<List<PointF>>();
foreach (Series s in chart .Series)
data.Add(GetPointsFrom3D(ca, s, s.Points.ToList(), e.ChartGraphics));
renderLines(data, e.ChartGraphics.Graphics, chart , true); // pick one!
renderPoints(data, e.ChartGraphics.Graphics, chart , 6); // pick one!
}
The coodinates are calculated using axis methods:
List<PointF> GetPointsFrom3D(ChartArea ca, Series s,
List<DataPoint> dPoints, ChartGraphics cg)
{
var p3t = dPoints.Select(x => new Point3D((float)ca.AxisX.ValueToPosition(x.XValue),
(float)ca.AxisY.ValueToPosition(x.YValues[0]),
(float)ca.AxisY.ValueToPosition(x.YValues[1]))).ToArray();
ca.TransformPoints(p3t.ToArray());
return p3t.Select(x => cg.GetAbsolutePoint(new PointF(x.X, x.Y))).ToList();
}
The actual drawing happens in these routines; one draws lines the other dots:
void renderLines(List<List<PointF>> data, Graphics graphics, Chart chart, bool curves)
{
for (int i = 0; i < chart.Series.Count; i++)
{
if (data[i].Count > 1)
using (Pen pen = new Pen(Color.FromArgb(64, chart.Series[i].Color), 2.5f))
if (curves) graphics.DrawCurve(pen, data[i].ToArray());
else graphics.DrawLines(pen, data[i].ToArray());
}
}
void renderPoints(List<List<PointF>> data, Graphics graphics, Chart chart, float width)
{
for (int s = 0; s < chart.Series.Count; s++)
{
Series S = chart.Series[s];
for (int p = 0; p < S.Points.Count; p++)
using (SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(64, S.Color)))
graphics.FillEllipse(brush, data[s][p].X-width/2,
data[s][p].Y-width/2,width, width);
}
}
Other drawing routines like meshes or areas can be coded just as well.. Simply add new routines using user GDI+ methods like DrawCurve or FillPolygon or maybe even DrawImage..
You can set the ChartArea.Area3DStyle.Rotation and the ChartArea.Area3DStyle.Inclination for different views, as can be seen in the animation.
Edit I have update the PostPaint method to minimze dependencies.
这篇关于如何绘制3D图以表示空间中的对象的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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