Qt如何删除对象?而存储QObjects的最佳方法是什么? [英] How does Qt delete objects ? And what is the best way to store QObjects?

问题描述

我听说Qt中的对象将自动删除其子对象，我想知道在这种情况下会发生什么.

I heard that objects in Qt will automatically delete their children, I want to know what will happen in those situations.

#include <QApplication>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QWidget>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    QApplication app(argc, argv);
/*
    QLabel label("label");      //  Program will crash. Destruct order is 1. widget, 2. layout, 3. label
    QHBoxLayout layout;         //  But layout will be deleted twice
    QWidget widget;
*/
    QWidget widget;             //  Program doesn't seem to crash but is it safe ? Does Qt use
    QHBoxLayout layout;         //  delete to operate on already destructed children ?
    QLabel label("label");

    layout.addWidget(&label);   //  layout is label's parent
    widget.setLayout(&layout);  //  widget is layout's parent
    widget.show();
    return app.exec();
}

在Qt中允许吗? Qt摧毁孩子时会做什么?

Is this allowed in Qt? What does Qt do when destroying a child ?

顺便说一句，我考虑过使用诸如shared_ptr之类的智能指针.但是我认为Qt也会删除已经被智能指针破坏的对象.

BTW, I considered using smart pointers such as shared_ptr. But I think Qt would also delete the object which had already been destroyed by smart pointer too.

我知道您想使用new为对象分配动态内存.但是我不放心，请告诉我在依靠Qt的对象树来处理动态内存时是否有任何情况(例如异常)会导致内存泄漏?

I know you would like to use new to allocate dynamic memory for objects. But I don't feel its reassuring, please tell me if there are any situations (e.g. exceptions) that will lead to memory leaks when relying on Qt's object tree to handle dynamic memory?

如果我使用对象而不是指针来动态分配对象，则必须考虑对象具有所有权的破坏顺序，这很繁琐. 我不知道在Qt中使用动态内存是否是一种好习惯.

If I use objects rather than pointers to dynamically allocate objects, I have to consider the order of destruction of objects as long as they have ownership, which is tedious. I don't know whether it is good practice to use dynamic memory in Qt.

您有什么建议或更好的解决方案吗?

Do you have any suggestions or better solutions?

推荐答案

复合设计模式QObject实现>已通过许多版本的Qt进行了尝试和测试.

The QObject implementation of the Composite Design Pattern has been tried and tested through the many versions of Qt.

此模式要求复合对象拥有子对象的所有权，因此，只要完成了父级操作，就可以确保在销毁父对象时子对象QObjects也将被销毁.

The pattern requires that the composite object takes ownership of the children so, as long as the parenting has been done, you can be assured that the child QObjects will be destroyed when the parent is destroyed.

标准做法是在堆内存中创建子对象并立即对其进行父化.如果您不立即父代，则可以使用setParent()函数显式父代，否则，当您使用addWidget()或addLayout()将小部件添加到父代小部件时，将自动完成父代.

Standard practice is to create child objects in heap memory and parent them immediately. If you don't parent immediately, you can explicitly parent using the setParent() function, or else parenting will be done automatically when you add the widget to a parent widget, either using addWidget() or addLayout().

QLayout对象是其他QLayouts和QWidgets的大小和布局管理器.他们不拥有所管理的对象.父级实际上是QLayout为其子级的QWidget.

QLayout objects are size and layout managers of other QLayouts and of QWidgets. They don't own the objects they manage. The parent is actually the QWidget that the QLayout is the child of.

您可以选择在堆栈内存或堆内存中创建根父级.

You have a choice to create the root parent in stack memory or in heap memory.

如果您对智能指针更满意，则有两个专门用于QObjects的类: QSharedPointer .每个人都有其优点和缺点.

If you feel more comfortable with smart pointers, there are two classes that are specifically for QObjects: QPointer and QSharedPointer. Each has their pros and cons.

#include <QApplication>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QWidget>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    QApplication app(argc, argv);

    QWidget widget;             // Root parent so can create as a auto-deleting object on the stack
    QHBoxLayout *layout = new QHBoxLayout(&widget);         // Create on the heap and parent immediately
    QLabel *label = new QLabel("label", &widget);           // Create on the heap and parent immediately

    layout->addWidget(label);   // widget remains label's parent
    widget.setLayout(layout);   // widget is changed to layout's parent if necessary, as well 
                                // as any widgets that layout manages
    widget.show();
    return app.exec();

    // layout and label are destroyed when widget is destroyed
}

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