Python：将字母数字字符串可逆编码为整数 [英] Python: Reversibly encode alphanumeric string to integer

问题描述

我想将字符串（由字母数字字符组成）转换为整数，然后将该整数转换回字符串：

I want to convert a string (composed of alphanumeric characters) into an integer and then convert this integer back into a string:

string -> int->字符串

换句话说，我想用一个整数表示字母数字字符串。

In other words, I want to represent an alphanumeric string by an integer.

我找到了一个可行的解决方案，已将其包含在答案中，但我认为这不是最佳解决方案，并且我对其他想法/方法也很感兴趣。

I found a working solution, which I included in the answer, but I do not think it is the best solution, and I am interested in other ideas/methods.

请不要仅因为已经存在许多类似的问题就将其标记为重复项，所以我特别想要一种简单的方法来将字符串转换为整数，反之亦然。

Please don't tag this as duplicate just because a lot of similar questions already exist, I specifically want an easy way of transforming a string into an integer and vice versa.

这应该适用于包含字母数字字符的字符串，即包含数字和字母的字符串。

This should work for strings that contain alphanumeric characters, i.e. strings containing numbers and letters.

推荐答案

这是我到目前为止的内容：

Here's what I have so far:

字符串->字节

mBytes = m.encode("utf-8")

bytes-> int

bytes --> int

mInt = int.from_bytes(mBytes, byteorder="big")

int->字节

mBytes = mInt.to_bytes(((mInt.bit_length() + 7) // 8), byteorder="big")

bytes- ->字符串

bytes --> string

m = mBytes.decode("utf-8")

尝试一下：

m = "test123"
mBytes = m.encode("utf-8")
mInt = int.from_bytes(mBytes, byteorder="big")
mBytes2 = mInt.to_bytes(((mInt.bit_length() + 7) // 8), byteorder="big")
m2 = mBytes2.decode("utf-8")
print(m == m2)

---

以下是与上述相同的可重用版本：

---

Here is an identical reusable version of the above:

class BytesIntEncoder:

    @staticmethod
    def encode(b: bytes) -> int:
        return int.from_bytes(b, byteorder='big')

    @staticmethod
    def decode(i: int) -> bytes:
        return i.to_bytes(((i.bit_length() + 7) // 8), byteorder='big')

如果您使用的是Python< 3.6，请删除可选的类型注释。

If you're using Python <3.6, remove the optional type annotations.

测试：

>>> s = 'Test123'
>>> b = s.encode()
>>> b
b'Test123'

>>> BytesIntEncoder.encode(b)
23755444588720691
>>> BytesIntEncoder.decode(_)
b'Test123'
>>> _.decode()
'Test123'

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