在ggplot中，如何绘制像这样的时间序列数据? [英] In ggplot, how can I plot time series data like this picture?
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问题描述
我正在尝试使图形如下图所示.
I am trying to make the graph like the below picture.
这也是我在代码中使用数据所做的事情.
And also this is what I did in my code using the data.
unemp <- read.csv("unemployment.csv", stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
name <- c("Truman", "Eisenhower", "Kennedy", "Johnson", "Nixon",
"Ford", "Carter", "Reagan", "Bush I", "Clinton", "Bush II",
"Obama")
start <- as_date(c("1948-01-01", "1953-01-20", "1961-01-20", "1963-11-22",
"1969-01-20", "1974-08-09", "1977-01-20", "1981-01-20",
"1989-01-20", "1993-01-20", "2001-01-20", "2009-01-20"))
end <- c(start[-1], as_date("2016-10-01"))
party <- c("D", "R", "D", "D", "R", "R", "D", "R", "R", "D", "R", "D")
pres <- tibble(name, start, end, party)
unemp <- expand_grid(year = 1948:2016, month = 1:12) %>%
transmute(date = as_date(glue("{year}-{month}-01")),
unemployment = rnorm(n(), 5, 0.1) + rep(1:3, each = 100, length.out = n()))
min_unemp <- min(unemp$unemployment)
max_unemp <- max(unemp$unemployment)
ggplot(unemp,
aes(x = date,
y = unemployment)) +
geom_line() +
geom_vline(data = pres,
mapping = aes(xintercept = start),
colour = "grey50",
linetype = "dashed") +
geom_text(data = pres,
mapping = aes(x = start,
y = max_unemp + 0.25,
label = name),
angle = 90,
vjust = 1) +
geom_rect(data = pres,
mapping = aes(xmin = start,
xmax = end,
ymin = min_unemp,
ymax = max_unemp + 0.75,
fill = party),
inherit.aes = FALSE,
alpha = 0.25) +
coord_cartesian(expand = FALSE) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::label_percent(scale = 1)) +
scale_fill_manual(name = "Party of President",
labels = c("Democratic", "Republican"),
values = c("#0015bc", "#ff0000")) +
labs(x = "Date",
y = "Unemplyment Rate") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(legend.position = "bottom")
而且，这是来自"unemp"的已使用数据的示例
And, this is the sample of used data from "unemp"
date uempmed
<date> <dbl>
1 1948-01-01 4.5
2 1948-02-01 4.7
3 1948-03-01 4.6
4 1948-04-01 4.9
5 1948-05-01 4.7
6 1948-06-01 4.8
7 1948-07-01 0.036
8 1948-08-01 0.039
9 1948-09-01 0.038
10 1948-10-01 0.037
但是我可以得到这张照片.它仍然显示下面的图片
But I could get this picture. It still shows the below picture
而且，我还要添加dput函数制成的整个结构:
And, also I add whole structure made by dput function :
structure(list(date = c("1948-01-01", "1948-02-01", "1948-03-01", "1948-04-01", "1948-05-01", "1948-06-01", "1948-07-01", "1948-08-01",
"1948-09-01", "1948-10-01", "1948-11-01", "1948-12-01", "1949-01-01",
"1949-02-01", "1949-03-01", "1949-04-01", "1949-05-01", "1949-06-01",
"1949-07-01", "1949-08-01", "1949-09-01", "1949-10-01", "1949-11-01",
"1949-12-01", "1950-01-01", "1950-02-01", "1950-03-01", "1950-04-01",
"1950-05-01", "1950-06-01", "1950-07-01", "1950-08-01", "1950-09-01",
"1950-10-01", "1950-11-01", "1950-12-01", "1951-01-01", "1951-02-01",
"1951-03-01", "1951-04-01", "1951-05-01", "1951-06-01", "1951-07-01",
"1951-08-01", "1951-09-01", "1951-10-01", "1951-11-01", "1951-12-01",
"1952-01-01", "1952-02-01", "1952-03-01", "1952-04-01", "1952-05-01",
"1952-06-01", "1952-07-01", "1952-08-01", "1952-09-01", "1952-10-01",
"1952-11-01", "1952-12-01", "1953-01-01", "1953-02-01", "1953-03-01",
"1953-04-01", "1953-05-01", "1953-06-01", "1953-07-01", "1953-08-01",
"1953-09-01", "1953-10-01", "1953-11-01", "1953-12-01", "1954-01-01",
"1954-02-01", "1954-03-01", "1954-04-01", "1954-05-01", "1954-06-01",
"1954-07-01", "1954-08-01", "1954-09-01", "1954-10-01", "1954-11-01",
"1954-12-01", "1955-01-01", "1955-02-01", "1955-03-01", "1955-04-01",
"1955-05-01", "1955-06-01", "1955-07-01", "1955-08-01", "1955-09-01",
"1955-10-01", "1955-11-01", "1955-12-01", "1956-01-01", "1956-02-01",
"1956-03-01", "1956-04-01", "1956-05-01", "1956-06-01", "1956-07-01",
"1956-08-01", "1956-09-01", "1956-10-01", "1956-11-01", "1956-12-01",
"1957-01-01", "1957-02-01", "1957-03-01", "1957-04-01", "1957-05-01",
"1957-06-01", "1957-07-01", "1957-08-01", "1957-09-01", "1957-10-01",
"1957-11-01", "1957-12-01", "1958-01-01", "1958-02-01", "1958-03-01",
"1958-04-01", "1958-05-01", "1958-06-01", "1958-07-01", "1958-08-01",
"1958-09-01", "1958-10-01", "1958-11-01", "1958-12-01", "1959-01-01",
"1959-02-01", "1959-03-01", "1959-04-01", "1959-05-01", "1959-06-01",
"1959-07-01", "1959-08-01", "1959-09-01", "1959-10-01", "1959-11-01",
"1959-12-01", "1960-01-01", "1960-02-01", "1960-03-01", "1960-04-01",
"1960-05-01", "1960-06-01", "1960-07-01", "1960-08-01", "1960-09-01",
"1960-10-01", "1960-11-01", "1960-12-01", "1961-01-01", "1961-02-01",
"1961-03-01", "1961-04-01", "1961-05-01", "1961-06-01", "1961-07-01",
"1961-08-01", "1961-09-01", "1961-10-01", "1961-11-01", "1961-12-01",
"1962-01-01", "1962-02-01", "1962-03-01", "1962-04-01", "1962-05-01",
"1962-06-01", "1962-07-01", "1962-08-01", "1962-09-01", "1962-10-01",
"1962-11-01", "1962-12-01", "1963-01-01", "1963-02-01", "1963-03-01",
"1963-04-01", "1963-05-01", "1963-06-01", "1963-07-01", "1963-08-01",
"1963-09-01", "1963-10-01", "1963-11-01", "1963-12-01", "1964-01-01",
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"1971-03-01", "1971-04-01", "1971-05-01", "1971-06-01", "1971-07-01",
"1971-08-01", "1971-09-01", "1971-10-01", "1971-11-01", "1971-12-01",
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"1975-05-01", "1975-06-01", "1975-07-01", "1975-08-01", "1975-09-01",
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"1980-05-01", "1980-06-01", "1980-07-01", "1980-08-01", "1980-09-01",
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"1981-03-01", "1981-04-01", "1981-05-01", "1981-06-01", "1981-07-01",
"1981-08-01", "1981-09-01", "1981-10-01", "1981-11-01", "1981-12-01",
"1982-01-01", "1982-02-01", "1982-03-01", "1982-04-01", "1982-05-01",
"1982-06-01", "1982-07-01", "1982-08-01", "1982-09-01", "1982-10-01",
"1982-11-01", "1982-12-01", "1983-01-01", "1983-02-01", "1983-03-01",
"1983-04-01", "1983-05-01", "1983-06-01", "1983-07-01", "1983-08-01",
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"2015-05-01", "2015-06-01", "2015-07-01", "2015-08-01", "2015-09-01",
"2015-10-01", "2015-11-01", "2015-12-01", "2016-01-01", "2016-02-01",
"2016-03-01", "2016-04-01", "2016-05-01", "2016-06-01", "2016-07-01",
"2016-08-01", "2016-09-01", "2016-10-01"), unemp = c(0.034, 0.038,
0.04, 0.039, 0.035, 0.036, 0.036, 0.039, 0.038, 0.037, 0.038,
0.04, 0.043, 0.047, 0.05, 0.053, 0.061, 0.062, 0.067, 0.068,
0.066, 0.079, 0.064, 0.066, 0.065, 0.064, 0.063, 0.058, 0.055,
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0.025, 0.026, 0.027, 0.029, 0.031, 0.035, 0.045, 0.049, 0.052,
0.057, 0.059, 0.059, 0.056, 0.058, 0.06, 0.061, 0.057, 0.053,
0.05, 0.049, 0.047, 0.046, 0.047, 0.043, 0.042, 0.04, 0.042,
0.041, 0.043, 0.042, 0.042, 0.04, 0.039, 0.042, 0.04, 0.043,
0.043, 0.044, 0.041, 0.039, 0.039, 0.043, 0.042, 0.042, 0.039,
0.037, 0.039, 0.041, 0.043, 0.042, 0.041, 0.044, 0.045, 0.051,
0.052, 0.058, 0.064, 0.067, 0.074, 0.074, 0.073, 0.075, 0.074,
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0.054, 0.052, 0.051, 0.054, 0.055, 0.056, 0.055, 0.061, 0.061,
0.066, 0.066, 0.069, 0.069, 0.07, 0.071, 0.069, 0.07, 0.066,
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我该如何修复使其像上面的第一张图片一样的代码? 非常感谢，
How can I fix the code for making it like the above first picture? Many thanks,
推荐答案
To clear up the confusion in the comments, this question references an earlier question and answer.
使用您的dput(已在下面的reprex中将其替换为read.csv)，可以进行以下工作.请注意，您可能可以一次性使用readr::read_csv来获取适当的日期格式，而不是先阅读然后转换为tibble，但是我会留给您.
Using your dput (which I've replaced with the read.csv in the reprex below), the following works. Note that you can probably use readr::read_csv to get an appropriate date format in one go, rather than reading and then converting to tibble, but I'll leave that to you.
library(glue)
library(lubridate)
library(tidyverse)
unemp <- read.csv("unemployment.csv", stringsAsFactors = FALSE) # The following is run with the dput, but I've added this line back in for clarity.
unemp <- tibble(date = as_date(unemp$date), unemp = unemp$unemp)
min_unemp <- min(unemp$unemp)
max_unemp <- max(unemp$unemp)
name <- c("Truman", "Eisenhower", "Kennedy", "Johnson", "Nixon",
"Ford", "Carter", "Reagan", "Bush I", "Clinton", "Bush II",
"Obama")
start <- as_date(c("1948-01-01", "1953-01-20", "1961-01-20", "1963-11-22",
"1969-01-20", "1974-08-09", "1977-01-20", "1981-01-20",
"1989-01-20", "1993-01-20", "2001-01-20", "2009-01-20"))
end <- c(start[-1], as_date("2016-10-01"))
party <- c("D", "R", "D", "D", "R", "R", "D", "R", "R", "D", "R", "D")
pres <- tibble(name, start, end, party)
ggplot(unemp,
aes(x = date,
y = unemp)) +
geom_line() +
geom_vline(data = pres,
mapping = aes(xintercept = start),
colour = "grey50",
linetype = "dashed") +
geom_text(data = pres,
mapping = aes(x = start,
y = max_unemp * 1.1,
label = name),
angle = 90,
vjust = 1) +
geom_rect(data = pres,
mapping = aes(xmin = start,
xmax = end,
ymin = min_unemp,
ymax = max_unemp * 1.2,
fill = party),
inherit.aes = FALSE,
alpha = 0.25) +
coord_cartesian(expand = FALSE) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::label_percent()) +
scale_fill_manual(name = "Party of President",
labels = c("Democratic", "Republican"),
values = c("#0015bc", "#ff0000")) +
labs(x = "Date",
y = "Unemplyment Rate") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(legend.position = "bottom")
由 reprex软件包(v0.3.0)于2019-12-03创建 sup>
Created on 2019-12-03 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)
这篇关于在ggplot中，如何绘制像这样的时间序列数据?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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