如何在IDE外部启动JavaFX 11应用程序? [英] How to start JavaFX 11 application outside IDE?

问题描述

我下载了:
-OpenJDK 11.0.2
-JavaFX SDK 11.0.2
这两个文件都提取到路径C:/Program Files/Java/

I downloaded:
- OpenJDK 11.0.2
- JavaFX SDK 11.0.2
Both files are extracted to path C:/Program Files/Java/

操作系统:Windows 10
IDE:NetBeans 10.0

OS: Windows 10
IDE: NetBeans 10.0

路径:

JAVA_HOME = C:/Program Files/Java/jdk-11.0.2  
PATH_TO_FX = C:/Program Files/Java/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib

内部路径系统变量添加%JAVA_HOME%/bin

Inside Path system variable add %JAVA_HOME%/bin

在NetBeans中，我创建了一个名为JFXDev的Java应用程序项目，其中包含一个包com. com软件包内部是一个主要的类，具有以下代码:

In NetBeans I created Java Application project named JFXDev which contains one package com. Inside com package is one main class with following code:

package com;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {

        @Override
        public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
            Button btn = new Button();
            btn.setText("Say 'Hello World'");
            btn.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {

                @Override
                public void handle(ActionEvent event) {
                    System.out.println("Hello World!");
                }
            });

            StackPane root = new StackPane();
            root.getChildren().add(btn);

            Scene scene = new Scene(root, 300, 250);

            primaryStage.setTitle("Hello World!");
            primaryStage.setScene(scene);
            primaryStage.show();
        }

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            launch(args);
        }

}

项目属性已修改:
1)库-> Modulepath添加了路径C:/Program Files/Java/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib
2)库->类路径添加了路径C:/Program Files/Java/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.controls.jar
3)运行-> VM选项:添加了--add-modules = javafx.controls，javafx.fxml

Properties of projects are modified:
1) Libraries -> Modulepath added path C:/Program Files/Java/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib
2) Libraries -> Classpath added path C:/Program Files/Java/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib/javafx.controls.jar
3) Run -> VM Options: added --add-modules=javafx.controls,javafx.fxml

当我使用NetBeans启动应用程序时，它可以正常运行，但是无法从dist文件夹启动应用程序.我在cmd中尝试了以下命令:

When I start application with NetBeans it works perfectly but I was unable to start application from dist folder. I tried following commands in cmd:

1. 命令:java -jar JFXDev.jar

• 响应:Error: could not find or load main class com.Main

命令:java --module-path '%PATH_TO_FX% --add-modules=javafx.comntrols JFXDev

• 响应:Error: Could not find or load main class Files/Java/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib

命令:java --module-path %PATH_TO_FX% --add-modules=javafx.comntrols Main

• 响应:Error: Could not find or load main class Files/Java/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib

命令:java --module-path %PATH_TO_FX% --add-modules=javafx.comntrols com.Main

• 响应:Error: Could not find or load main class Files/Java/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib

• 响应:Error: Could not find or load main class Main

后来我添加了module-info.java文件:

module JFXDev {  
    requires javafx.controls;  
    exports com;  
}  

但这没什么区别.
我在做什么错，有什么建议或建议吗?

But it doesn't make any difference.
What I'm doing wrong, any advice or suggestion?

我尝试从>://openjfx.io/openjfx-docs/#install -javafx 但出现相同的错误:/

I tried steps from https://openjfx.io/openjfx-docs/#install-javafx but I get same error :/

推荐答案

实际"答案

您提供的某些错误表明参数中的空格存在问题(例如C:/Program Files/...).用引号"%PATH_TO_FX%"括住%PATH_TO_FX%.然后，就像您在评论中所说的那样，正确的命令行是:

"Actual" Answer

Some of those errors you've provided indicate a problem with spaces in your arguments (e.g. C:/Program Files/...). Surround %PATH_TO_FX% with quotes: "%PATH_TO_FX%". Then, as you said in a comment, the correct command line for you is:

java -p "%PATH_TO_FX%" --add-modules javafx.controls -jar <path-to-jar-file> 

---

其他答案

根据您提供的信息，很难(至少对我来说)很难说出问题到底出在哪里.取而代之的是，我将提供一些示例，这些示例从命令行启动模块化和非模块化的JavaFX应用程序.

---

Rest of Answer

From the information you've provided, it's difficult (for me at least) to tell what exactly the problem is. Instead, I'll give some examples of launching a JavaFX application from the command line, both modular and non-modular.

比方说，您有一个项目，只有一个类，即主类，名为com.example.Main.此类扩展了Application并显示了一个简单的窗口.我们还可以说，当代码是模块化的时，该模块如下所示:

Let's say you have a project with one class—the main class—named com.example.Main. This class extends Application and displays a simple window. Let's also say that, when the code is modular, the module looks like:

module app {
    requires javafx.controls;
    exports com.example to javafx.graphics;
}

您的项目结构如下:

\---<project-directory>
    +---out
    |   +---artifacts
    |   |       app-1.0.jar (modular or non-modular)
    |   |
    |   \---classes
    |       |   module-info.class (when modular)
    |       |
    |       \---com
    |           \---example
    |                   Main.class
    |
    \---src
        |   module-info.java (when modular)
        |
        \---com
            \---example
                    Main.java

然后您的命令行将类似于以下之一(面向Windows):

Then your command line will look like one of the following (Windows oriented):

java -p "%PATH_TO_FX%" --add-modules javafx.controls -cp out\classes com.example.Main

Jar File

java -p "%PATH_TO_FX%" --add-modules javafx.controls -jar out\artifacts\app-1.0.jar

注意:清单中需要Main-Class属性.

java -p "%PATH_TO_FX%;out\classes" -m app/com.example.Main

Jar File

java -p "%PATH_TO_FX%;out\artifacts" -m app/com.example.Main

或者如果Jar是使用--main-class

java -p "%PATH_TO_FX%;out\artifacts" -m app

---

注释:

• 上面假设<project-directory>是工作目录.
• -p是--module-path
的简写
• -m是--module
的简写
• -cp是--class-path或-classpath
的简写

• The above assumes that <project-directory> is the working directory.
• -p is shorthand for --module-path
• -m is shorthand for --module
• -cp is shorthand for --class-path or -classpath

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