在r绘图文字中指定小数位? [英] Specify decimal places in r plot text?

问题描述

我试图格式化在基本图形系统中创建的回归曲线的标签.基本上，此标签从变量中提取斜率，截距和r平方值.一个例子如下:

I tried to format the label of my regression curve created in the base graphics system. Basically, this label extracts the slope, the intercept and the r-square values from variables. An example is as below:

plot(rnorm(10), type = "n", xlim = c(0, 100), ylim = c(0, 100))
text(x = 0, y = 100, adj = c(0, NA), bquote(paste(y == .(a) * x + .(b), ", R"^2 == .(r2))), cex = 0.7)

但是，这生成了一个看起来不太聪明的标签:

However, this generated a label that did not look very smart:

y = 1.159019x+-1.537708, R<sup>2</sup>=0.7924927

我想将数字四舍五入到小数点后第二位，即

What I would like is to round the figures to the second decimal place, i.e.,

y = 1.16x-1.54, R<sup>2</sup>=0.79

我在text()和bquote()的帮助文档中都进行了查找，但是找不到很多有用的信息.

I have looked it up in both help documents for text() and bquote() but did not find much useful information.

我还尝试用参数nsmall = 2将.(a)，.(b)和.(r2)包装在format()中，但是没有用.

I have also tried to wrap the .(a), .(b) and .(r2) in format() with the parameter nsmall = 2, but it did not work.

有人可以帮我这个忙吗?提前非常感谢！

Could someone kindly help me with this? Many thanks in advance!

ps.我认为我的问题中有一个隐藏的任务.在上面的示例中，b为负.我知道我可以在表达式中省略"+"运算符，而仅使用b的负号加入我的方程式.但是，如果我事先不知道b的符号怎么办?有没有一种巧妙的方式来形成标签，而无需使用if()进行检查，然后编写两个稍有不同的text()版本?再次感谢！

ps. I think there is a hidden quest in my question. In the above example, b is negative. I know I could probably leave out the "+" operator in my expression to just use the negative sign of b to join my equation. However, what if I do not know the sign of b in advance? Is there a clever way of forming the label without checking this with an if() and then write two very slightly different versions of text()? Thanks again!

推荐答案

要指定位数，请使用round(a, digits=2).但是，您也可以使用sprintf来处理位数和等式中的+或-: ％+ 3.2f，其中%在等式中强制使用+或-，而3.2f控制位数，因此这可以解决您的两个问题.我在sprintf 这里:"B2是UTF-8字符= ^ 2的十六进制代码，而\ U是将调用该字符的控制序列."

For specifying the number of digits, use round(a, digits=2). However, you can also use sprintf to deal with both the number of digits and the + or - in your equation: e.q. %+3.2f, where % forces the + or - sign in the equation and 3.2f controls the number of digits, so this solves both your issues. I found a solution for the superscript problem in sprintf here: "B2 is the hex code for UTF-8 character = ^2 and \U is a control sequence that will call that character."

# data and regression
set.seed(1)
y = 1:10+rnorm(10)
x = 1:10
fit = lm(y~x)
b = coef(fit)[1]
a = coef(fit)[2]
r2 = summary(fit)$r.squared

# plot data and regression
plot(x, y)
abline(fit, col=2)

# add text to plot with legend() for convenient placement
legend('topleft', title='option 1', legend=sprintf("y = %3.2fx %+3.2f, R\UB2 = %3.2f", a, b, r2), bty='n', cex=0.7)

# if you prefer a pretty space between plus/minus and b:
if( b<0) {my_sign = ' - '; b = -b} else { my_sign= ' + '}
legend('bottomright', title='option 2', legend=sprintf("y = %3.2f x %s %3.2f, R\UB2 = %3.2f", a, my_sign, b, r2), bty='n', cex=0.7)

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