如何在matplotlib中绘制5个分组的条形图? [英] How can a plot a 5 grouped bars bar chart in matplotlib?

问题描述

我有以下数据框:

meteo = [["January", 9.2, 13.6, 4.7, 37, 70],
["February",9.9, 14.3, 5.4, 35, 70],
["March", 11.8, 16.1, 7.4, 36, 70],
["April", 13.7, 18.0, 9.4, 40, 69],
["May", 16.9, 21.1, 12.8, 47, 70],
["June", 20.9, 24.9, 16.8, 30, 68],
["July", 23.9, 28.0, 19.8, 21, 67],
["August", 24.4, 28.5, 20.2, 62, 68],
["September", 21.7, 26.0, 17.4, 81, 70],
["October", 17.8, 22.1, 13.5, 91, 73],
["November", 13.0, 17.3, 8.6, 59, 71],
["December", 10.0, 14.3, 5.7, 40, 69]]

import pandas as pd

# Create dataframe with above data

df = pd.DataFrame(meteo)

# Drop useless column

df.drop(0, inplace = True, axis = 1)

# Rename columns

df.rename(columns = {1: "Temp_media_anual_mes", 2: "Temp_máxima_media", 3: "Temp_mínima_media", 4: "Media_lluvias_mensual", 5:"Humedad_media_rel"}, inplace = True)
df["mes"] = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]

现在，我想绘制一个分组的条形图.我想每月有5个分组的酒吧.我已经尝试过了，但是酒吧之间的空间有点问题:

Now, i would like to plot a grouped bar chart. I would like to have 5 grouped bars per month. I have tried this, but i have a little problem with the spaces between bars:

# Setting the positions and width for the bars
pos = list(range(len(df.mes))) 
width = 0.25 

# Plotting the bars
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16,10))

# Create a bar with pre_score data,
# in position pos,
plt.bar(pos, 
        #using df['pre_score'] data,
        df['Temp_media_anual_mes'], 
        # of width
        width, 
        # with alpha 0.5
        alpha=0.5, 
        # with color
        color='red')
        # with label the first value in first_name
        #label=df['first_name'][0]) 

# Create a bar with mid_score data,
# in position pos + some width buffer,
plt.bar([p + width for p in pos], 
        #using df['mid_score'] data,
        df['Temp_máxima_media'],
        # of width
        width, 
        # with alpha 0.5
        alpha=0.5, 
        # with color
        color='green')
        # with label the second value in first_name
        #label=df['first_name'][1]) 

# Create a bar with post_score data,
# in position pos + some width buffer,
plt.bar([p + width*2 for p in pos], 
        #using df['post_score'] data,
        df['Temp_mínima_media'], 
        # of width
        width, 
        # with alpha 0.5
        alpha=0.5, 
        # with color
        color='blue')
        # with label the third value in first_name
        #label=df['first_name'][2]) 

plt.bar([p + width*2 for p in pos], 
        #using df['post_score'] data,
        df['Media_lluvias_mensual'], 
        # of width
        width, 
        # with alpha 0.5
        alpha=0.5, 
        # with color
        color='orange')
        # with label the third value in first_name
        #label=df['first_name'][2]) 

plt.bar([p + width*2 for p in pos], 
        #using df['post_score'] data,
        df['Humedad_media_rel'], 
        # of width
        width, 
        # with alpha 0.5
        alpha=0.5, 
        # with color
        color='purple')
        # with label the third value in first_name
        #label=df['first_name'][2]) 

# Set the y axis label
ax.set_ylabel('Ammount')

# Set the chart's title
ax.set_title('Rain and temperature')

# Set the position of the x ticks
ax.set_xticks([p + 1.5 * width for p in pos])

# Set the labels for the x ticks
ax.set_xticklabels(df['mes'])

# Setting the x-axis and y-axis limits
plt.xlim(min(pos)-width, max(pos)+width*4)
plt.ylim([0, max(df['Temp_media_anual_mes'] + df['Temp_máxima_media'] + df['Temp_mínima_media'] + df["Media_lluvias_mensual"] + df["Humedad_media_rel"])] )

plt.grid()
plt.show()

这是我要得到的情节

如您所见，它显示了3个单独的小节，而在第三个小节中，后面有3个小节.我知道问题出在酒吧之间，但我不知道如何解决.有人可以指出我正确的方向吗?

As you can see, it's showing 3 separate bars, and in the third one, there are 3 bars one behind another. I know the issue is in the spacing between the bars, but i don't know how to fix it. Could someone point me in the right direction please?

我还要在每个条上方显示每个绘制值的测量单位.这些是:

I would also like to display above of each bar, the measurements units of each plotted values. These are:

• 摄氏温度
• 毫米为降水量
• 相对湿度的百分比

非常感谢您

推荐答案

下面是一些放置条形图，将月份名称居中放置的代码，...

Here is some code that places the bars, puts the month name centered, ...

请注意，ylim的原始计算是错误的，它不应是最大值的总和，而应是最大值的最大值.我还在列上方的单位中添加了一些文本.我试图找到一些合适的颜色:温度为红黄色，雨为蓝色，湿度为蓝色绿色.

Note that the original calculation for ylim was wrong, it should not be the sum of the maxima but the maximum of the maxima. I also added some text with the units above the columns. I tried to find some suitable colors: red-yellowish for the temperatures, blue for rain, blue greenish for humidity.

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker

meteo = [["January", 9.2, 13.6, 4.7, 37, 70],
         ["February", 9.9, 14.3, 5.4, 35, 70],
         ["March", 11.8, 16.1, 7.4, 36, 70],
         ["April", 13.7, 18.0, 9.4, 40, 69],
         ["May", 16.9, 21.1, 12.8, 47, 70],
         ["June", 20.9, 24.9, 16.8, 30, 68],
         ["July", 23.9, 28.0, 19.8, 21, 67],
         ["August", 24.4, 28.5, 20.2, 62, 68],
         ["September", 21.7, 26.0, 17.4, 81, 70],
         ["October", 17.8, 22.1, 13.5, 91, 73],
         ["November", 13.0, 17.3, 8.6, 59, 71],
         ["December", 10.0, 14.3, 5.7, 40, 69]]
df = pd.DataFrame(meteo)
#df.rename(columns = {0:"mes", 1: "Temp. media mes", 2: "Temp. máxima media", 3: "Temp. mínima media", 4: "Media lluvias mensual", 5:"Humedad media rel"}, inplace = True)
df.rename(columns = {0:"month", 1: "Mean monthly temperature", 2: "Max. monthly temperature", 3: "Min. monthly temperature", 4: "Mean monthly rainfall", 5:"Mean relative humidity"}, inplace = True)

# Setting the positions and width for the bars
pos = list(range(len(df)))
num_col = len(df.columns) - 1
width = 0.95 / num_col

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16,10))

bar_colors = ['#feb24c', '#f03b20', '#ffeda0', '#43a2ca', '#a8ddb5']
bar_labels = df.columns[1:]

for i, (colname, color, lbl) in enumerate(zip(df.columns[1:], bar_colors, bar_labels)):
    delta_p = 0.125 + width*i
    plt.bar([p + delta_p for p in pos],
            df[colname], width, color=color, label=lbl)
    for j in range(len(df)):
        ax.annotate("°C" if i < 3 else "mm" if i == 3 else "%",
                    xy=(pos[j] + delta_p, df[colname][j] + 1),
                    ha='center')

ax.set_ylabel('Amount')
ax.set_title('Temperatures, Rain and Humidity')
ax.set_xticks(pos)

def update_ticks(x, pos):
    return df['month'][pos]

ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.NullFormatter())
ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(ticker.FuncFormatter(update_ticks))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(ticker.FixedLocator([p+0.5 for p in pos]))
for tick in ax.xaxis.get_minor_ticks():
    tick.tick1line.set_markersize(0)
    tick.tick2line.set_markersize(0)
    tick.label1.set_horizontalalignment('center')
plt.xlim(min(pos), max(pos)+1)
plt.ylim([0, 10+max([max(df[colname]) for colname in df.columns[1:]])])
plt.legend()
plt.grid()
plt.show()

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