R在图表上的多条线 [英] R Multiple Lines on a Chart

问题描述

我正在尝试在折线图上放置3列.但是，尽管我可以创建图表，但线条绘制不正确.

下面是一些数据以及我尝试创建图表的两种不同方式.

任何帮助都很棒；谢谢.

数据:

  structure(list(Year = c("2017-08"，"2017-09"，"2017-10"，"2017-11"，"2017-12"，"2018-01"，"2018-02"，"2018-03"，"2018-04"，"2018-05"，"2018-06"，"2018-07"，"2018-08"，"2018-09"，"2018-10"，"2018-11"，"2018-12"，"2019-01"，"2019-02"，"2019-03"，"2019-04"，"2019-05"，"2019-06"，"2019-07"，"2019-08"，"2019-09"，"2019-10"，"2019-11"，"2019-12"，"2020-01"，"2020-02"，"2020-03"，"2020-04"，"2020-05"，"2020-06"，"2020-07"，"2020-08")，Order.Comment.1 = structure(c(2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L，2L)，. Label ＝ c(，"，"BR"，"BST"，"CG"，"CN"，"CT"，"DM"，"DR"，"EM"，"EMR"，"EMURG"，"ENDOC"，"EYE"，"FF"，"GI"，"GYN"，"GYNAE"，"HAEM"，"HN"，"ICC"，"LBX"，"LYMPH"，"MN"，"MOHS"，"NEUR"，"NEURO"，未报告"，"PAED"，"PAEDGI"，"PERI"，"PG"，"RE"，"SK"，"TEST PATIENT"，"UGI"，"UR"，"URGI")，类别=因素")，P.Less.3 = c(50.8250825082508，53.7906137184115，54.8172757475083，47.6190476190476、51.8939393939394、56.508875739645、52.2900763358779，49.3421052631579、43.3447098976109、50.4918032786885、50.1501501501502，49.7206703910614、47.5409836065574、46.0264900662252、45.6896551724138，47.2312703583062、44.3965517241379、57.8313253012048、49.8098859315589，48.6013986013986、49.0566037735849、45.3531598513011、49.063670411985，53.8961038961039、50、43.5810810810811、45、47.3509933774834，43.4782608695652、39.041095890411、36.9649805447471、43.2515337423313，39.5522388059701、54.6875、46.2765957446808、36.1990950226244，40.7216494845361)，P.Less.7 = c(87.7887788778878，89.1696750902527，89.0365448504983、88.8888888888889、87.8787878787879、92.603550295858，89.6946564885496、87.8289473684211、84.641638225256、83.6065573770492，83.1831831831832、87.1508379888268、89.0710382513661、79.8013245033112，79.3103448275862、83.3876221498371、81.0344827586207、87.9518072289157，82.8897338403042、87.0629370629371、81.8867924528302、86.2453531598513，82.7715355805243、88.961038961039、87.1428571428571、83.7837837837838，83.8888888888889、84.1059602649007、78.9855072463768、84.5890410958904，84.4357976653696、84.6625766871166、84.3283582089552、91.40625，79.7872340425532、76.9230769230769、72.680412371134)，P.Less.10 = c(97.3597359735974，97.4729241877256、99.3355481727575、98.4126984126984、96.2121212121212，98.5207100591716、97.3282442748092、97.3684210526316、96.5870307167236，94.0983606557377、96.0960960960961、96.3687150837989、96.9945355191257，92.3841059602649、92.2413793103448、95.4397394136808、93.5344827586207，95.1807228915663、95.0570342205323、97.9020979020979、94.7169811320755，95.1672862453532、94.0074906367041、95.7792207792208、96.4285714285714，95.6081081081081、94.7222222222222、95.364238410596、93.8405797101449，95.8904109589041、95.7198443579767、96.9325153374233、94.7761194029851，96.875、95.2127659574468、92.3076923076923、85.0515463917526))，row.names = c(NA，37L)，class ="data.frame") 

方法1:

  ggplot(Mth_TaT_Data，aes(x = Year，group ="BR"))+geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.3)，color ="darkred")+geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.7)，color ="steelblue"，linetype ="twodash")+geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.10)，颜色="sienna1"，线型=虚线")+ggtitle(测试")+主题(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45，hjust = 1)) 

方法2:

  df<-Mth_TaT_Data％>％选择(年份，Order.Comment.1，P.Less.3，P.Less.7，P.Less.10)％&％集合(键=变量''，值=值''，-年，-Order.Comment.1)ggplot(df，aes(x =年，y =值，组="BR"))+geom_line(aes(color = variable))+ggtitle(测试")+主题(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45，hjust = 1)) 

解决方案

这种类型的问题通常与数据重塑有关.格式应为长格式，而数据应为宽格式，例如问题本身表明OP正在尝试以方法2 进行操作.另请参见

I am trying to place 3 columns onto a line chart. But while I can create the chart the lines are not being drawn correctly.

Below are some data and the two different ways I've tried to create the charts.

any help is great;y appreciated.

Data:

structure(list(Year = c("2017-08", "2017-09", "2017-10", "2017-11", 
"2017-12", "2018-01", "2018-02", "2018-03", "2018-04", "2018-05", 
"2018-06", "2018-07", "2018-08", "2018-09", "2018-10", "2018-11", 
"2018-12", "2019-01", "2019-02", "2019-03", "2019-04", "2019-05", 
"2019-06", "2019-07", "2019-08", "2019-09", "2019-10", "2019-11", 
"2019-12", "2020-01", "2020-02", "2020-03", "2020-04", "2020-05", 
"2020-06", "2020-07", "2020-08"), Order.Comment.1 = structure(c(2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), .Label = c("", "BR", "BST", "CG", "CN", "CT", 
"DM", "DR", "EM", "EMR", "EMURG", "ENDOC", "EYE", "FF", "GI", 
"GYN", "GYNAE", "HAEM", "HN", "ICC", "LBX", "LYMPH", "MN", "MOHS", 
"NEUR", "NEURO", "NO REPORT ISSUED", "PAED", "PAEDGI", "PERI", 
"PG", "RE", "SK", "TEST PATIENT", "UGI", "UR", "URGI"), class = "factor"), 
    P.Less.3 = c(50.8250825082508, 53.7906137184115, 54.8172757475083, 
    47.6190476190476, 51.8939393939394, 56.508875739645, 52.2900763358779, 
    49.3421052631579, 43.3447098976109, 50.4918032786885, 50.1501501501502, 
    49.7206703910614, 47.5409836065574, 46.0264900662252, 45.6896551724138, 
    47.2312703583062, 44.3965517241379, 57.8313253012048, 49.8098859315589, 
    48.6013986013986, 49.0566037735849, 45.3531598513011, 49.063670411985, 
    53.8961038961039, 50, 43.5810810810811, 45, 47.3509933774834, 
    43.4782608695652, 39.041095890411, 36.9649805447471, 43.2515337423313, 
    39.5522388059701, 54.6875, 46.2765957446808, 36.1990950226244, 
    40.7216494845361), P.Less.7 = c(87.7887788778878, 89.1696750902527, 
    89.0365448504983, 88.8888888888889, 87.8787878787879, 92.603550295858, 
    89.6946564885496, 87.8289473684211, 84.641638225256, 83.6065573770492, 
    83.1831831831832, 87.1508379888268, 89.0710382513661, 79.8013245033112, 
    79.3103448275862, 83.3876221498371, 81.0344827586207, 87.9518072289157, 
    82.8897338403042, 87.0629370629371, 81.8867924528302, 86.2453531598513, 
    82.7715355805243, 88.961038961039, 87.1428571428571, 83.7837837837838, 
    83.8888888888889, 84.1059602649007, 78.9855072463768, 84.5890410958904, 
    84.4357976653696, 84.6625766871166, 84.3283582089552, 91.40625, 
    79.7872340425532, 76.9230769230769, 72.680412371134), P.Less.10 = c(97.3597359735974, 
    97.4729241877256, 99.3355481727575, 98.4126984126984, 96.2121212121212, 
    98.5207100591716, 97.3282442748092, 97.3684210526316, 96.5870307167236, 
    94.0983606557377, 96.0960960960961, 96.3687150837989, 96.9945355191257, 
    92.3841059602649, 92.2413793103448, 95.4397394136808, 93.5344827586207, 
    95.1807228915663, 95.0570342205323, 97.9020979020979, 94.7169811320755, 
    95.1672862453532, 94.0074906367041, 95.7792207792208, 96.4285714285714, 
    95.6081081081081, 94.7222222222222, 95.364238410596, 93.8405797101449, 
    95.8904109589041, 95.7198443579767, 96.9325153374233, 94.7761194029851, 
    96.875, 95.2127659574468, 92.3076923076923, 85.0515463917526
    )), row.names = c(NA, 37L), class = "data.frame")

Way 1:

ggplot(Mth_TaT_Data, aes(x=Year, group = "BR")) + 
  geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.3), color = "darkred") + 
  geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.7), color="steelblue", linetype="twodash")+ 
  geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.10), color="sienna1", linetype="dashed")+
  ggtitle("Test")+
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust = 1))

Way 2:

df <- Mth_TaT_Data %>%
  select(Year, Order.Comment.1,P.Less.3, P.Less.7, P.Less.10) %>%
  gather(key = "variable", value = "value", -Year, -Order.Comment.1)

ggplot(df, aes(x = Year, y = value,group = "BR")) + 
  geom_line(aes(color = variable))+
ggtitle("Test")+
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust = 1))

解决方案

This type of problems generally has to do with reshaping the data. The format should be the long format and the data is in wide format, like the question itself shows the OP is trying to do in way 2. See also this post on how to reshape the data from wide to long format.

In the code below I first create three vectors:

1. lvls is a vector of the column names that start with "P", to be used as the levels of the long format column variable and as the names of the two other vectors that are created;
2. linetp is a named vector of line types;
3. colr is a named vector of (line) colors.

And the final code is therefore a bit longer than the question's.

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(ggplot2)

lvls <- grep("^P", names(Mth_TaT_Data), value = TRUE)
linetp <- setNames(c("solid", "twodash", "dashed"), lvls)
colr <- setNames(c("darkred", "steelblue", "sienna1"), lvls)


Mth_TaT_Data %>%
  mutate(Year = paste(Year, "01", sep = "-"),
         Year = zoo::as.yearmon(Year)) %>%
  pivot_longer(
    cols = starts_with('P'),
    names_to = 'variable',
    values_to = 'value'
  ) %>%
  mutate(variable = factor(variable, levels = lvls)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = Year, y = value)) + 
  geom_line(aes(linetype = variable, color = variable)) +
  ggtitle("Test") +
  scale_color_manual(values = colr) +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = linetp) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))

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