R 图表上的多条线 [英] R Multiple Lines on a Chart

问题描述

我正在尝试将 3 列放在折线图上.但是，虽然我可以创建图表，但线条绘制不正确.

以下是一些数据以及我尝试创建图表的两种不同方式.

任何帮助都很棒；你很感激.

数据:

structure(list(Year = c(2017-08"、2017-09"、2017-10"、2017-11"、2017-12"、2018-01"、2018-02"、2018-03"、2018-04"、2018-05"、2018-06"、2018-07"、2018-08"、2018-09"、2018-10"、2018-11"、2018-12"、2019-01"、2019-02"、2019-03"、2019-04"、2019-05"、2019-06"、2019-07"、2019-08"、2019-09"、2019-10"、2019-11"、2019-12"、2020-01"、2020-02"、2020-03"、2020-04"、2020-05"、2020-06"、2020-07"、2020-08"), Order.Comment.1 = structure(c(2L,2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), .Label = c(", BR", BST", CG", CN", CT",DM"、DR"、EM"、EMR"、EMURG"、ENDOC"、EYE"、FF"、GI"、GYN"、GYNAE"、HAEM"、HN"、ICC"、LBX"、LYMPH"、MN"、MOHS"、NEUR"、NEURO"、NO REPORT ISSUED"、PAED"、PAEDGI"、PERI"、PG"、RE"、SK"、测试患者"、UGI"、UR"、URGI")、class =因子")、P.Less.3 = c(50.8250825082508, 53.7906137184115, 54.8172757475083,47.6190476190476, 51.8939393939394, 56.508875739645, 52.2900763358779,49.3421052631579, 43.3447098976109, 50.4918032786885, 50.1501501501502,49.7206703910614, 47.5409836065574, 46.0264900662252, 45.6896551724138,47.2312703583062, 44.3965517241379, 57.8313253012048, 49.8098859315589,48.6013986013986, 49.0566037735849, 45.3531598513011, 49.063670411985,53.8961038961039, 50, 43.5810810810811, 45, 47.3509933774834,43.4782608695652、39.041095890411、36.9649805447471、43.2515337423313、39.5522388059701, 54.6875, 46.2765957446808, 36.1990950226244,40.7216494845361), P.Less.7 = c(87.7887788778878, 89.1696750902527,89.0365448504983, 88.8888888888889, 87.8787878787879, 92.603550295858,89.6946564885496, 87.8289473684211, 84.641638225256, 83.6065573770492,83.1831831831832, 87.1508379888268, 89.0710382513661, 79.8013245033112,79.3103448275862, 83.3876221498371, 81.0344827586207, 87.9518072289157,82.8897338403042, 87.0629370629371, 81.8867924528302, 86.2453531598513,82.7715355805243、88.961038961039、87.1428571428571、83.7837837837838、83.8888888888889, 84.1059602649007, 78.9855072463768, 84.5890410958904,84.4357976653696, 84.6625766871166, 84.3283582089552, 91.40625,79.7872340425532, 76.9230769230769, 72.680412371134), P.Less.10 = c(97.3597359735974,97.4729241877256, 99.3355481727575, 98.4126984126984, 96.2121212121212,98.5207100591716、97.3282442748092、97.3684210526316、96.5870307167236、94.0983606557377, 96.0960960960961, 96.3687150837989, 96.9945355191257,92.3841059602649、92.2413793103448、95.4397394136808、93.5344827586207、95.1807228915663, 95.0570342205323, 97.9020979020979, 94.7169811320755,95.1672862453532、94.0074906367041、95.7792207792208、96.4285714285714、95.6081081081081、94.7222222222222、95.364238410596、93.8405797101449、95.8904109589041、95.7198443579767、96.9325153374233、94.7761194029851、96.875, 95.2127659574468, 92.3076923076923, 85.0515463917526)), row.names = c(NA, 37L), class = "data.frame")

方式一:

ggplot(Mth_TaT_Data, aes(x=Year, group = "BR")) +geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.3), color = "darkred") +geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.7), color="steelblue", linetype="twodash")+geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.10), color="sienna1", linetype="dashed")+ggtitle(测试")+主题(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust = 1))

方式 2:

df <- Mth_TaT_Data %>%select(Year, Order.Comment.1,P.Less.3,P.Less.7,P.Less.10)%>%收集(键=变量"，值=值"，-Year，-Order.Comment.1)ggplot(df, aes(x = Year, y = value,group = "BR")) +geom_line(aes(color = variable))+ggtitle(测试")+主题(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust = 1))

解决方案

这类问题通常与重新调整数据有关.格式应该是长格式，数据是宽格式，就像问题本身表明 OP 试图以 方式 2 做的那样.另请参阅

I am trying to place 3 columns onto a line chart. But while I can create the chart the lines are not being drawn correctly.

Below are some data and the two different ways I've tried to create the charts.

any help is great;y appreciated.

Data:

structure(list(Year = c("2017-08", "2017-09", "2017-10", "2017-11", 
"2017-12", "2018-01", "2018-02", "2018-03", "2018-04", "2018-05", 
"2018-06", "2018-07", "2018-08", "2018-09", "2018-10", "2018-11", 
"2018-12", "2019-01", "2019-02", "2019-03", "2019-04", "2019-05", 
"2019-06", "2019-07", "2019-08", "2019-09", "2019-10", "2019-11", 
"2019-12", "2020-01", "2020-02", "2020-03", "2020-04", "2020-05", 
"2020-06", "2020-07", "2020-08"), Order.Comment.1 = structure(c(2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), .Label = c("", "BR", "BST", "CG", "CN", "CT", 
"DM", "DR", "EM", "EMR", "EMURG", "ENDOC", "EYE", "FF", "GI", 
"GYN", "GYNAE", "HAEM", "HN", "ICC", "LBX", "LYMPH", "MN", "MOHS", 
"NEUR", "NEURO", "NO REPORT ISSUED", "PAED", "PAEDGI", "PERI", 
"PG", "RE", "SK", "TEST PATIENT", "UGI", "UR", "URGI"), class = "factor"), 
    P.Less.3 = c(50.8250825082508, 53.7906137184115, 54.8172757475083, 
    47.6190476190476, 51.8939393939394, 56.508875739645, 52.2900763358779, 
    49.3421052631579, 43.3447098976109, 50.4918032786885, 50.1501501501502, 
    49.7206703910614, 47.5409836065574, 46.0264900662252, 45.6896551724138, 
    47.2312703583062, 44.3965517241379, 57.8313253012048, 49.8098859315589, 
    48.6013986013986, 49.0566037735849, 45.3531598513011, 49.063670411985, 
    53.8961038961039, 50, 43.5810810810811, 45, 47.3509933774834, 
    43.4782608695652, 39.041095890411, 36.9649805447471, 43.2515337423313, 
    39.5522388059701, 54.6875, 46.2765957446808, 36.1990950226244, 
    40.7216494845361), P.Less.7 = c(87.7887788778878, 89.1696750902527, 
    89.0365448504983, 88.8888888888889, 87.8787878787879, 92.603550295858, 
    89.6946564885496, 87.8289473684211, 84.641638225256, 83.6065573770492, 
    83.1831831831832, 87.1508379888268, 89.0710382513661, 79.8013245033112, 
    79.3103448275862, 83.3876221498371, 81.0344827586207, 87.9518072289157, 
    82.8897338403042, 87.0629370629371, 81.8867924528302, 86.2453531598513, 
    82.7715355805243, 88.961038961039, 87.1428571428571, 83.7837837837838, 
    83.8888888888889, 84.1059602649007, 78.9855072463768, 84.5890410958904, 
    84.4357976653696, 84.6625766871166, 84.3283582089552, 91.40625, 
    79.7872340425532, 76.9230769230769, 72.680412371134), P.Less.10 = c(97.3597359735974, 
    97.4729241877256, 99.3355481727575, 98.4126984126984, 96.2121212121212, 
    98.5207100591716, 97.3282442748092, 97.3684210526316, 96.5870307167236, 
    94.0983606557377, 96.0960960960961, 96.3687150837989, 96.9945355191257, 
    92.3841059602649, 92.2413793103448, 95.4397394136808, 93.5344827586207, 
    95.1807228915663, 95.0570342205323, 97.9020979020979, 94.7169811320755, 
    95.1672862453532, 94.0074906367041, 95.7792207792208, 96.4285714285714, 
    95.6081081081081, 94.7222222222222, 95.364238410596, 93.8405797101449, 
    95.8904109589041, 95.7198443579767, 96.9325153374233, 94.7761194029851, 
    96.875, 95.2127659574468, 92.3076923076923, 85.0515463917526
    )), row.names = c(NA, 37L), class = "data.frame")

Way 1:

ggplot(Mth_TaT_Data, aes(x=Year, group = "BR")) + 
  geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.3), color = "darkred") + 
  geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.7), color="steelblue", linetype="twodash")+ 
  geom_line(aes(y = P.Less.10), color="sienna1", linetype="dashed")+
  ggtitle("Test")+
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust = 1))

Way 2:

df <- Mth_TaT_Data %>%
  select(Year, Order.Comment.1,P.Less.3, P.Less.7, P.Less.10) %>%
  gather(key = "variable", value = "value", -Year, -Order.Comment.1)

ggplot(df, aes(x = Year, y = value,group = "BR")) + 
  geom_line(aes(color = variable))+
ggtitle("Test")+
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust = 1))

解决方案

This type of problems generally has to do with reshaping the data. The format should be the long format and the data is in wide format, like the question itself shows the OP is trying to do in way 2. See also this post on how to reshape the data from wide to long format.

In the code below I first create three vectors:

1. lvls is a vector of the column names that start with "P", to be used as the levels of the long format column variable and as the names of the two other vectors that are created;
2. linetp is a named vector of line types;
3. colr is a named vector of (line) colors.

And the final code is therefore a bit longer than the question's.

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(ggplot2)

lvls <- grep("^P", names(Mth_TaT_Data), value = TRUE)
linetp <- setNames(c("solid", "twodash", "dashed"), lvls)
colr <- setNames(c("darkred", "steelblue", "sienna1"), lvls)


Mth_TaT_Data %>%
  mutate(Year = paste(Year, "01", sep = "-"),
         Year = zoo::as.yearmon(Year)) %>%
  pivot_longer(
    cols = starts_with('P'),
    names_to = 'variable',
    values_to = 'value'
  ) %>%
  mutate(variable = factor(variable, levels = lvls)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = Year, y = value)) + 
  geom_line(aes(linetype = variable, color = variable)) +
  ggtitle("Test") +
  scale_color_manual(values = colr) +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = linetp) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))

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