将库包含到我的项目文件夹中 [英] Include libraries into my project folder

问题描述

我正在使用 C++ 和 Qt Creator 进行编程.我需要在项目文件夹中包含正在使用的库，以便可以在任何设备上实现该程序.我该怎么办?

I'm programming using C++ and Qt Creator. I need to include the libraries I'm using inside my project folder so that the program can be implemented on any device. What should I do exactly?

我知道我应该修改 .pro 文件，并且我已经尝试过了:

I know I should modify the .pro file and I already tried this:

LIBS+=-L"$$_PRO_FILE_PWD_/libs" \
-lvl \

但是它不起作用.我收到此错误:加载共享库时出错:libvl.so:无法打开共享库文件:没有这样的文件或目录

But it does not work. I get this error: error while loading shared libraries: libvl.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

有什么想法吗?谢谢

推荐答案

首先，在Linux上，qmake生成用于控制构建过程的Makefile.当您添加行

First of all, on Linux qmake generates Makefiles which are used to control your build process. When you add the line

LIBS+=-L"$$_PRO_FILE_PWD_/libs" -lvl

对您的 .pro 文件，qmake会看到生成了适当的Makefile目标，该目标告诉链接程序在 $$ _ PRO_FILE_PWD_/libs 中搜索其他库，然后链接可执行文件时，链接到库 libvl.so .

to your .pro file, qmake will see to it that appropriate Makefile target is generated which tells the linker to search for additional libraries in $$_PRO_FILE_PWD_/libs and link to a library libvl.so when linking the executable.

不过，您遇到的是运行时问题.更具体地说， ld-linux.so.2 将尝试在运行时处查找并动态加载诸如 libvl.so 之类的共享库.当加载可执行文件时，使用诸如/usr/lib 之类的内置路径和用户定义(和/或分发定义)路径来发生这种情况.我请您参考 ld-linux.so的相应手册页.2 和 ldconfig 的手册页，用于以标准方式配置用户定义的库搜索路径.

However what you're experiencing is a run-time problem. More specifically, ld-linux.so.2 will try to find and dynamically load shared libraries like libvl.so at runtime. This happens using built-in, such as /usr/lib and user-defined (and/or distribution-defined) paths when the executable is loaded. I refer you to the corresponding man page for ld-linux.so.2 and the man page for ldconfig, which is used to configure user-defined library search paths in a standard way.

当 ld-linux.so.2 尝试查找库时，它将按以下顺序搜索一组定义明确的目录(所有冒号分隔):

When ld-linux.so.2 tries to find libraries, it searches a well defined set of directories (all colon-separated) in the following order:

• 如果存在的话，就是所谓的 DT_RPATH ，可以将其写入可执行库(已弃用)中.
• LD_LIBRARY_PATH (至少对于大多数可执行文件，有关异常，请参见手册页)
• 取代 DT_RPATH (如果有)的 DT_RUNPATH ，但是将查找延迟到处理 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 之后. RPATH 和 RUNPATH 可用于模拟Windows上的行为，在Windows上也会搜索可执行文件的路径.但是， LD_LIBRARy_PATH 更适合于此目的.
缓存文件/etc/ld.so.cache 中存在的
• 库名称，该文件由 ldconfig 使用/etc/ld.so中指定的目录生成.conf/以及可能的其他文件，可以通过包含在 ld.so.conf 中直接引用，也可以通过其他方式指定
• 受信任目录，/lib 和/usr/lib

• if present, the so called DT_RPATH, which can be written into an executable library (deprecated).
• the LD_LIBRARY_PATH (at least for most executables, see the man page for exceptions)
• the DT_RUNPATH which supersedes the DT_RPATH (if any) but delays lookup until after LD_LIBRARY_PATH has been processed. The RPATH and RUNPATH can be used to simulate behavior like on Windows, where the path of the executable is also searched. LD_LIBRARy_PATH, however, is much better suited for this purpose.
• library names present in the cache file /etc/ld.so.cache which is generated by ldconfig using directories specified in /etc/ld.so.conf/ and possibly additional files either directly referred to via inclusion in ld.so.conf or otherwise specified
• the trusted directories, /lib and /usr/lib

如果上述所有路径均不包含适当的共享库，则会收到错误消息，提示 ld-linux.so.2 无法加载该共享库.

If none of the paths mentioned above contain the appropriate shared object, you will get an error that it could not be loaded by ld-linux.so.2.

您所用的解决方案很简单，并且种类繁多:

The solution in your case is simple and come in some variety:

• 在执行程序之前，使用 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH = {yourSearchPaths} 设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 环境变量.
• 将 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 添加到命令行中的可执行文件调用中，例如 LD_LIBRARY_PATH = {yourSearchPaths} ./{executable}
• 提供可执行的启动Shell脚本，例如 start.sh ，它为您完成了上述操作，然后只需执行shell脚本 ./start.sh

• before executing the program, set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable using export LD_LIBRARY_PATH={yourSearchPaths}.
• add the LD_LIBRARY_PATH to the invocation of the executable on the command-line, e.g. LD_LIBRARY_PATH={yourSearchPaths} ./{executable}
• provide an executable start-up shell script, e.g. start.sh, which does the above for you and then simply execute the shell-script ./start.sh

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