如何在 PyOpenGL 中旋转 2D 线? [英] How to rotate a 2D line in PyOpenGL?

问题描述

我写了一个代码来画一条线.这是函数:

I've written a code to draw a line. Here is the function:

def drawLines():
    r,g,b = 255,30,20
    #drawing visible axis
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
    glColor3ub(r,g,b)
    glBegin(GL_LINES)
    #glRotate(10,500,-500,0)
    glVertex2f(0,500)
    glVertex2f(0,-500)

    glEnd()
    glFlush()

现在我正在尝试旋转线条.我正在尝试遵循 this 文档，但无法理解.根据文档，旋转函数定义如下:

Now I'm trying to rotate the line. I'm trying to follow this documentation but can't understand. According to the documentation the rotating function is defined as follows:

def glRotate( angle , x , y , z ):

我没有 z 轴.所以我保持 z=0.我在这里错过了什么?

I've no z-axis. So I'm keeping z=0. What i'm I missing here?

推荐答案

注意，不推荐使用 glBegin/glEnd 序列和固定函数管道矩阵堆栈进行绘制几十年来.阅读Fixed Function Pipeline 并查看顶点规范 和 着色器 用于最先进的渲染方式:

Note, that drawing by glBegin/glEnd sequences nad the fixed function pipeline matrix stack, is deprecated since decades. Read about Fixed Function Pipeline and see Vertex Specification and Shader for a state of the art way of rendering:

传递给 glRotate 是旋转轴.由于几何图形是在 xy 平面中绘制的，因此旋转轴必须是 z 轴 (0,0,1):

The x, y and z parameter which are passed to glRotate are the axis of rotation. Since geometry is drawn in the xy-plane, the axis of rotation has to be the z-axis (0,0,1):

glRotatef(10, 0, 0, 1)

要围绕枢轴旋转，您必须定义一个模型矩阵，该矩阵由倒置的枢轴位移，然后旋转并最终变换回枢轴 (glTranslate):

To rotate around a pivot you have to define a model matrix, which displaces by the inverted pivot, then rotates and final transforms back by to the pivot (glTranslate):

glTranslatef(pivot_x, pivot_y, 0)
glRotatef(10, 0, 0, 1)
glTranslatef(-pivot_x, -pivot_y, 0)

另外请注意，glBegin/glEnd 序列.在 glBegin/glEnd 仅允许设置顶点属性的序列操作，例如 glVertex 或 glColor.你必须在 glBegin 之前设置矩阵:

Further note that operations like glRotate are not allowed within a glBegin/glEnd sequence. In glBegin/glEnd sequence only operations are allowed which set the vertex attributes like glVertex or glColor. You have to set the matrix before glBegin:

例如

def drawLines():
    pivot_x, pivot_y = 0, 250
    r,g,b = 255,30,20

    glTranslatef(pivot_x, pivot_y, 0)
    glRotatef(2, 0, 0, 1)
    glTranslatef(-pivot_x, -pivot_y, 0)

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
    glColor3ub(r,g,b)

    #drawing visible axis
    glBegin(GL_LINES)
    glVertex2f(0,500)
    glVertex2f(0,-500)
    glEnd()

    glFlush()

<小时>

如果您只想旋转线条而不影响其他对象，那么您可以通过 glPushMatrix/glPopMatrix:

angle = 0

def drawLines():
    global angle 
    pivot_x, pivot_y = 0, 250
    r,g,b = 255,30,20

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)

    glPushMatrix()

    glTranslatef(pivot_x, pivot_y, 0)
    glRotatef(angle, 0, 0, 1)
    angle += 2
    glTranslatef(-pivot_x, -pivot_y, 0)

    glColor3ub(r,g,b)

    #drawing visible axis
    glBegin(GL_LINES)
    glVertex2f(0,500)
    glVertex2f(0,-500)
    glEnd()

    glPopMatrix()

    glFlush()

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