pivot_longer 不同种类的多个变量 [英] pivot_longer multiple variables of different kinds
问题描述
我试图找到一种简单的方法来将数据框旋转更长，该数据框具有多个包含每种情况不同数据的列.在 names_to 中使用多个名称似乎不能解决问题.
I am trying to find a simple way to pivot_longer a dataframe that has multiple columns containing different data for each case. Using multiple names in names_to doesn't seem to solve the problem.
这是一个有效的例子:
#create the dataframe:
library('dplyr')
set.seed(11)
x <- data.frame(case = c(1:10),
X1990 = runif(10, 0, 1),
flag.1990 = rep(c('a','b'), 5),
X2000 = runif(10, 0, 1),
flag.2000 = rep(c('c', 'd'), 5))
> x
case X1990 flag.1990 X2000 flag.2000
1 1 0.2772497942 a 0.1751129 c
2 2 0.0005183129 b 0.4407503 d
3 3 0.5106083730 a 0.9071830 c
4 4 0.0140479084 b 0.8510419 d
5 5 0.0646897766 a 0.7339875 c
6 6 0.9548492255 b 0.5736857 d
7 7 0.0864958912 a 0.4817655 c
8 8 0.2899750092 b 0.3306110 d
9 9 0.8806991728 a 0.1576602 c
10 10 0.1232162013 b 0.4801341 d
显然，我不能只使用 cols = -case 来使用 pivot_longer，因为这将结合年份和标志数据.如果我尝试在 names_to 中使用 chr 向量(来自此处:https://dcl-wrangle.stanford.edu/pivot_advanced.html (6.1.3):
Obviously I cannot just pivot_longer using cols = -case as that will combine year and flag data. If i try using a chr vector in names_to (from here: https://dcl-wrangle.stanford.edu/pivot_advanced.html (6.1.3):
x %>%
setNames(c('case','value.1990', 'flag.1990', 'value.2000', 'flag.2000')) %>%
pivot_longer(cols = -case,
names_to = c('value', 'flag'),
names_sep = '.',
values_to = 'value')
事情不起作用，因为标志数据不在变量名中.
Things don't work, because the flag data isn't in the variable name.
我能想到的解决这个问题的唯一方法是将数据帧分成两个数据帧，旋转它们然后加入它们.例如:
The only way I can think to solve this is to break the dataframe into two data frames, pivot them and then join them. For example:
#create temporary data frame for year data, then pivot
temp1 <- x %>%
select(1,2, 4) %>% #select year data
pivot_longer(cols = c(X1990, X2000), #pivot longer on year data
names_to = 'year',
values_to = 'value') %>%
mutate(year = gsub('X', '', year)) #remove 'X' so that I can use this to join
#create temporary data frame for flag data, then pivot
temp2 <- x %>%
select(1, 3, 5) %>% #select flag variables
pivot_longer(cols = c(flag.1990, flag.2000), #pivot longer on flag data
names_to = 'flag.year',
values_to = 'flag') %>%
mutate(year = gsub('flag.', '', flag.year)) %>% #get year data so that I can join on this
select(-flag.year) #drop flag.year as its no longer useful information
final <- full_join(temp1, temp2, by = c('case', 'year')) #full join the two datasets to get the final data
> final
# A tibble: 20 x 4
case flag year value
<int> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 1 a 1990 0.277
2 1 c 2000 0.175
3 2 b 1990 0.000518
4 2 d 2000 0.441
5 3 a 1990 0.511
6 3 c 2000 0.907
7 4 b 1990 0.0140
8 4 d 2000 0.851
9 5 a 1990 0.0647
10 5 c 2000 0.734
11 6 b 1990 0.955
12 6 d 2000 0.574
13 7 a 1990 0.0865
14 7 c 2000 0.482
15 8 b 1990 0.290
16 8 d 2000 0.331
17 9 a 1990 0.881
18 9 c 2000 0.158
19 10 b 1990 0.123
20 10 d 2000 0.480
我认为有一种更快的方法可以做到这一点.我只是误读了关于在 names_to 中使用多个名称的文档.有什么想法吗?
I assume there is a quicker way to do this. Am I just misreading the documentation on using multiple names in names_to. Any ideas?
推荐答案
在这种情况下，必须将 names_to 与 names_pattern 结合使用:
In this case one has to use names_to combined with names_pattern:
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
> x %>%
pivot_longer(cols = -case,
names_to = c(".value", "year"),
names_pattern = "([^\\.]*)\\.*(\\d{4})")
# A tibble: 20 x 4
case year X flag
<int> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
1 1 1990 0.277 a
2 1 2000 0.175 c
3 2 1990 0.000518 b
4 2 2000 0.441 d
5 3 1990 0.511 a
6 3 2000 0.907 c
7 4 1990 0.0140 b
8 4 2000 0.851 d
9 5 1990 0.0647 a
10 5 2000 0.734 c
11 6 1990 0.955 b
12 6 2000 0.574 d
13 7 1990 0.0865 a
14 7 2000 0.482 c
15 8 1990 0.290 b
16 8 2000 0.331 d
17 9 1990 0.881 a
18 9 2000 0.158 c
19 10 1990 0.123 b
20 10 2000 0.480 d
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