如何使用 Cordova 命令行界面创建签名的 APK 文件? [英] How to create a signed APK file using Cordova command line interface?
问题描述
我制作了一个名为 checkStatus 的示例应用程序.现在我想创建一个签名的 APK 文件.所以我可以将它安装在不同的设备上进行测试.
I made a sample application named checkStatus. Now I want to create a signed APK file. So I can install it in different devices for my testing.
为此，我在谷歌上搜索并找到了这个文档.
For this, I Googled and found this documentation.
根据文档，我切换到我的项目目录并运行以下命令:
As per the document, I switched to my project directory and ran the following command:
keytool -genkey -v -keystore key-name.keystore -alias alias-name -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000
运行上述命令后，我在 projectRoot/key-name.keystore 处得到了一个名为 key-name.keystore 的文件.
After I ran the above command, I got a file named key-name.keystore at projectRoot/key-name.keystore.
然后我将该文件复制粘贴到 projectRoot/platforms/android/key-name.keystore.
And then I copy-pasted that file into projectRoot/platforms/android/key-name.keystore.
之后，我创建了一个名为 ant.properties 的文件并将其保存在 projectRoot/platforms/android 中.
After that, I created a file named ant.properties and saved it in projectRoot/platforms/android.
我在文件中写了以下代码:
I wrote the following code inside the file:
key.store=projectRoot/key-name.keystore
key.alias=myApp
之后，我运行以下命令释放
After that, I ran the following command to release
Cordova builds android --release
它抛出以下错误:
/home/projectRoot/platforms/android/cordova/node_modules/q/q.js:126
throw e;
^
Error code 1 for command: ant with args: release,-f,/home/projectRoot/platforms/android/build.xml,-Dout.dir=ant-build,-Dgen.absolute.dir=ant-gen
Error: /home/projectRoot/platforms/android/cordova/build: Command failed with exit code 8
at ChildProcess.whenDone (/usr/lib/node_modules/cordova/node_modules/cordova-lib/src/cordova/superspawn.js:135:23)
at ChildProcess.EventEmitter.emit (events.js:98:17)
at maybeClose (child_process.js:753:16)
at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (child_process.js:820:5)
所以这一次，我修改了 ant.properties 文件中的 key.store 值，如下所示.
So this time, I modified key.store value in ant.properties file like in the following way.
key.store=/home/projectRoot/platforms/android/key-name.keystore
再次，我运行了 cordova build android --release 命令.它抛出同样的错误.
Again, I ran the cordova build android --release command. It throws the same error.
谁能告诉我我做错了什么?
Can anyone tell me what I've done wrong?
推荐答案
步骤 1:
D:\projects\Phonegap\Example> cordova plugin rm org.apache.cordova.console --save
添加 --save 以便从 config.xml 文件中删除插件.
add the --save so that it removes the plugin from the config.xml file.
要为 Android 生成发布版本，我们首先需要对平台/android 中的 AndroidManifest.xml 文件进行小幅更改.编辑文件并更改行:
To generate a release build for Android, we first need to make a small change to the AndroidManifest.xml file found in platforms/android. Edit the file and change the line:
<application android:debuggable="true" android:hardwareAccelerated="true" android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
并将 android:debuggable 更改为 false:
<application android:debuggable="false" android:hardwareAccelerated="true" android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
从cordova 6.2.0 开始完全删除android:debuggable 标签.这是cordova的解释:
As of cordova 6.2.0 remove the android:debuggable tag completely. Here is the explanation from cordova:
HardcodedDebugMode"类型问题的说明:最好从清单中省略 android:debuggable 属性.如果你这样做，那么工具会自动插入 android:debuggable=true在构建 APK 以在模拟器或设备上进行调试时.而当你执行发布构建，例如导出 APK，它会自动设置它是假的.
Explanation for issues of type "HardcodedDebugMode": It's best to leave out the android:debuggable attribute from the manifest. If you do, then the tools will automatically insert android:debuggable=true when building an APK to debug on an emulator or device. And when you perform a release build, such as Exporting APK, it will automatically set it to false.
另一方面，如果您在清单文件中指定了特定值，那么工具将始终使用它.这可能会导致意外发布带有调试信息的应用.
If on the other hand you specify a specific value in the manifest file, then the tools will always use it. This can lead to accidentally publishing your app with debug information.
现在我们可以告诉cordova生成我们的发布版本:
Now we can tell cordova to generate our release build:
D:\projects\Phonegap\Example> cordova build --release android
然后，我们可以在 platforms/android/ant-build 中找到我们未签名的 APK 文件.在我们的示例中，文件是 platforms/android/ant-build/Example-release-unsigned.apk
Then, we can find our unsigned APK file in platforms/android/ant-build. In our example, the file was platforms/android/ant-build/Example-release-unsigned.apk
注意:我们在这个 Git Repo 中有我们的 keystore keystoreNAME-mobileapps.keystore，如果你想创建另一个，请继续以下步骤.
Note : We have our keystore keystoreNAME-mobileapps.keystore in this Git Repo, if you want to create another, please proceed with the following steps.
keytool -genkey -v -keystore <keystoreName>.keystore -alias <Keystore AliasName> -keyalg <Key algorithm> -keysize <Key size> -validity <Key Validity in Days>
例如:
keytool -genkey -v -keystore NAME-mobileapps.keystore -alias NAMEmobileapps -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000
keystore password? : xxxxxxx
What is your first and last name? : xxxxxx
What is the name of your organizational unit? : xxxxxxxx
What is the name of your organization? : xxxxxxxxx
What is the name of your City or Locality? : xxxxxxx
What is the name of your State or Province? : xxxxx
What is the two-letter country code for this unit? : xxx
然后密钥库已经生成，名称为 NAME-mobileapps.keystore
Then the Key store has been generated with name as NAME-mobileapps.keystore
将生成的keystore放入
Place the generated keystore in
旧版科尔多瓦
D:\projects\Phonegap\Example\platforms\android\ant-build
新版本科尔多瓦
D:\projects\Phonegap\Example\platforms\android\build\outputs\apk
要签署未签名的 APK，请运行 jarsigner 工具，该工具也包含在 JDK 中:
To sign the unsigned APK, run the jarsigner tool which is also included in the JDK:
jarsigner -verbose -sigalg SHA1withRSA -digestalg SHA1 -keystore <keystorename> <Unsigned APK file> <Keystore Alias name>
例如:
D:\projects\Phonegap\Example\platforms\android\ant-build> jarsigner -verbose -sigalg SHA1withRSA -digestalg SHA1 -keystore NAME-mobileapps.keystore Example-release-unsigned.apk xxxxxmobileapps
或
D:\projects\Phonegap\Example\platforms\android\build\outputs\apk> jarsigner -verbose -sigalg SHA1withRSA -digestalg SHA1 -keystore NAME-mobileapps.keystore Example-release-unsigned.apk xxxxxmobileapps
Enter KeyPhrase as 'xxxxxxxx'
这对 apk 进行了签名.
This signs the apk in place.
最后，我们需要运行 zip align 工具来优化 APK:
Finally, we need to run the zip align tool to optimize the APK:
D:\projects\Phonegap\Example\platforms\android\ant-build> zipalign -v 4 Example-release-unsigned.apk Example.apk
或
D:\projects\Phonegap\Example\platforms\android\ant-build> C:\Phonegap\adt-bundle-windows-x86_64-20140624\sdk\build-tools\android-4.4W\zipalign -v 4 Example-release-unsigned.apk Example.apk
或
D:\projects\Phonegap\Example\platforms\android\build\outputs\apk> C:\Phonegap\adt-bundle-windows-x86_64-20140624\sdk\build-tools\android-4.4W\zipalign -v 4 Example-release-unsigned.apk Example.apk
现在我们有了名为 example.apk 的最终发布二进制文件，我们可以在 Google Play 商店发布它.
Now we have our final release binary called example.apk and we can release this on the Google Play Store.
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