在 zsh 中放置 $PATH 变量断言的位置? [英] Where to place $PATH variable assertions in zsh?

问题描述

我喜欢 zsh，但我不确定将我的 $PATH 和其他变量断言放在哪里?我发现它们分散在文件.zshrc .zprofile .bashrc .bash_profile 之间，有时会翻倍.

I love zsh, but I am not sure where to place my $PATH and other variable assertions? I find that they are scattered between the files .zshrc .zprofile .bashrc .bash_profile, and sometimes doubled.

我意识到在 bash 文件中包含任何内容并没有多大意义，因为我正在使用 zsh，但是 我到底应该放在哪里我的 rvm、python、node 等添加到我的 $PATH?

I realize that having anything inside the bash files doesn't make much sense seeing as I'm using zsh, but where exactly should I be placing my rvm, python, node etc additions to my $PATH?

是否有我应该使用的特定文件(即 .zshenv 目前在我的安装中不存在)，我目前正在使用的文件之一，或者重要吗?

Is there a specific file I should be using (i.e. .zshenv which does not currently exist in my installation), one of the ones I am currently using, or does it even matter?

推荐答案

tl;dr version: use ~/.zshrc

tl;dr version: use ~/.zshrc

和阅读手册页以了解它们之间的区别:

And read the man page to understand the differences between:

~/.zshrc、~/.zshenv 和 ~/.zprofile.

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关于我的评论

在我对 kev 给出的答案的评论中，我说:

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Regarding my comment

In my comment attached to the answer kev gave, I said:

这似乎不正确 - 我能找到的任何 zsh 文档中都没有列出/etc/profile.

This seems to be incorrect - /etc/profile isn't listed in any zsh documentation I can find.

事实证明这部分不正确:/etc/profile 可能来自 zsh.然而，这仅在 zsh 被作为 sh 或 ksh 调用"时发生；在这些兼容模式下:

This turns out to be partially incorrect: /etc/profile may be sourced by zsh. However, this only occurs if zsh is "invoked as sh or ksh"; in these compatibility modes:

不执行通常的 zsh 启动/关闭脚本.登录 shell 源/etc/profile 后跟 $HOME/.profile.如果在调用时设置了 ENV 环境变量，则 $ENV 来自配置文件脚本之后.ENV 的值在被解释为路径名之前经过参数扩展、命令替换和算术扩展.[man zshall，兼容性"].

The usual zsh startup/shutdown scripts are not executed. Login shells source /etc/profile followed by $HOME/.profile. If the ENV environment variable is set on invocation, $ENV is sourced after the profile scripts. The value of ENV is subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a pathname. [man zshall, "Compatibility"].

ArchWiki ZSH 链接 说:

在登录时，Zsh 按以下顺序获取以下文件:
/etc/profile
此文件在登录时由所有 Bourne 兼容的 shell 提供

At login, Zsh sources the following files in this order:
/etc/profile
This file is sourced by all Bourne-compatible shells upon login

这意味着 /etc/profile 在登录时总是被 zsh 读取 - 我对 Arch Linux 没有任何经验项目;wiki 可能对那个发行版是正确的，但它不通常是正确的.与 zsh 手册页相比，信息 不正确，并且似乎不适用于 OS X 上的 zsh(/etc/中设置的 $PATH 中的路径profile 不要进入我的 zsh 会话).

This implys that /etc/profile is always read by zsh at login - I haven't got any experience with the Arch Linux project; the wiki may be correct for that distribution, but it is not generally correct. The information is incorrect compared to the zsh manual pages, and doesn't seem to apply to zsh on OS X (paths in $PATH set in /etc/profile do not make it to my zsh sessions).

我应该将 rvm、python、node 等添加到 $PATH 的确切位置放在哪里?

where exactly should I be placing my rvm, python, node etc additions to my $PATH?

通常，我会从 ~/.zshrc 导出我的 $PATH，但值得一读 zshall 手册页，特别是STARTUP/SHUTDOWN FILES"部分 - ~/.zshrc 是为 interactive 外壳，它可能适合也可能不适合您的需要 - 如果您希望为您调用的每个 zsh 外壳使用 $PATH(interactive 而不是，login 和不是，等等)，那么 ~/.zshenv 是更好的选择.

Generally, I would export my $PATH from ~/.zshrc, but it's worth having a read of the zshall man page, specifically the "STARTUP/SHUTDOWN FILES" section - ~/.zshrc is read for interactive shells, which may or may not suit your needs - if you want the $PATH for every zsh shell invoked by you (both interactive and not, both login and not, etc), then ~/.zshenv is a better option.

是否有我应该使用的特定文件(即我的安装中当前不存在的 .zshenv)，我当前正在使用的文件之一，或者它是否重要?

Is there a specific file I should be using (i.e. .zshenv which does not currently exist in my installation), one of the ones I am currently using, or does it even matter?

启动时读取了一堆文件(检查链接的 man 页面)，这是有原因的 - 每个文件都有其特定的位置(每个用户的设置，用户特定的设置)、登录 shell 的设置、每个 shell 的设置等).
不用担心 ~/.zshenv 不存在 - 如果你需要它，制作它，它会被读取.

There's a bunch of files read on startup (check the linked man pages), and there's a reason for that - each file has it's particular place (settings for every user, settings for user-specific, settings for login shells, settings for every shell, etc).
Don't worry about ~/.zshenv not existing - if you need it, make it, and it will be read.

.bashrc 和 .bash_profile 不会被 zsh 读取，除非您明确地从 获取它们>~/.zshrc 或类似的；bash 和 zsh 之间的语法不总是兼容的..bashrc 和 .bash_profile 都是为 bash 设置而设计的，而不是 zsh 设置.

.bashrc and .bash_profile are not read by zsh, unless you explicitly source them from ~/.zshrc or similar; the syntax between bash and zsh is not always compatible. Both .bashrc and .bash_profile are designed for bash settings, not zsh settings.

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