添加自定义 Django 模型验证 [英] Adding Custom Django Model Validation

问题描述

我有一个带有开始和结束日期范围的 Django 模型.我想强制验证，以便没有两条记录具有重叠的日期范围.实现此目的的最简单方法是什么，这样我就不必重复编写此逻辑?

I have a Django model with a start and end date range. I want to enforce validation so that no two records have overlapping date ranges. What's the simplest way to implement this so that I don't have to repeat myself writing this logic?

例如我不想在一个表单和一个ModelForm和一个管理表单和中重新实现这个逻辑模型的覆盖 save().

e.g. I don't want to re-implement this logic in a Form and a ModelForm and an admin form and the model's overridden save().

据我所知，Django 并没有让全局强制执行这些类型的标准变得容易.

As far as I know, Django doesn't make it easy to globally enforce these types of criteria.

谷歌搜索并不是很有帮助，因为模型验证"通常是指验证特定的模型字段，而不是整个模型内容或字段之间的关系.

Googling hasn't been very helpful, since "model validation" typically refers to validating specific model fields, and not the entire model contents, or relations between fields.

推荐答案

我发现有用的基本模式是将我所有的自定义验证放在 clean() 中，然后简单地调用 full_clean()(调用 clean() 和其他一些方法)从 save() 内部，例如:

The basic pattern I've found useful is to put all my custom validation in clean() and then simply call full_clean() (which calls clean() and a few other methods) from inside save(), e.g.:

class BaseModel(models.Model):
    
    def clean(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # add custom validation here
        super().clean(*args, **kwargs)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.full_clean()
        super().save(*args, **kwargs)

默认情况下不会执行此操作，如此处所述，因为它会干扰某些功能，但这些对我的应用程序来说不是问题.

This isn't done by default, as explained here, because it interferes with certain features, but those aren't a problem for my application.

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