Django:如何从模型中验证 unique_together [英] Django: How do I validate unique_together from within the model

问题描述

I have the following:

class AccountAdmin(models.Model):

    account = models.ForeignKey(Account)
    is_master = models.BooleanField()
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    email = models.EmailField()

    class Meta:
        unique_together = (('Account', 'is_master'), ('Account', 'username'),)

If I then create a new AccountAdmin with the same username as another on the same account, instead of it giving me an error to display in the template, it breaks with an IntegrityError and the page dies. I wish that in my view, I could just go:

if new_accountadmin_form.is_valid():
    new_accountadmin_form.save()

How do I conquer this problem. Is there a second is_valid() type of method that checks the DB for violation of the unique_together = (('Account', 'is_master'), ('Account', 'username'),) part?

I would like not to have to catch an IntegrityError in my view. That's domain logic mixed with presentation logic. It violates DRY because if I display the same form on 2 pages, I'll have to repeat the same block. It also violates DRY because if I have two forms for the same thing, I have to write the same except: again.

解决方案

There are two options:

a) Have a try block where you save your model and capture the IntegrityError and deal with it. Something like:

try:
    new_accountadmin_form.save()
except IntegrityError:
    new_accountadmin_form._errors["account"] = ["some message"]
    new_accountadmin_form._errors["is_master"] = ["some message"]

    del new_accountadmin_form.cleaned_data["account"]
    del new_accountadmin_form.cleaned_data["is_master"]

b) In the clean() method of your form, check if the a row exists and raise a forms.ValidationError with an appropriate message. Example here.

---

So, b) it is... That is why I referenced the documentation; all you need is there.

But it would be something like:

class YouForm(forms.Form):
    # Everything as before.
    ...

    def clean(self):
       """ This is the form's clean method, not a particular field's clean method """
       cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data

       account = cleaned_data.get("account")
       is_master = cleaned_data.get("is_master")
       username = cleaned_data.get("username")

       if AccountAdmin.objects.filter(account=account, is_master=is_master).count() > 0:
           del cleaned_data["account"]
           del cleaned_data["is_master"]
           raise forms.ValidationError("Account and is_master combination already exists.")

       if AccountAdmin.objects.filter(account=account, username=username).count() > 0:
           del cleaned_data["account"]
           del cleaned_data["username"]
           raise forms.ValidationError("Account and username combination already exists.")

    # Always return the full collection of cleaned data.
    return cleaned_data

For what it is worth - I just realized that your unique_together above is referencing a field called username that is not represented in the model.

The clean method above is called after all clean methods for the individual fields are called.

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