将 IPython 变量作为参数传递给 bash 命令 [英] Passing IPython variables as arguments to bash commands

问题描述

如何从 Ipython/Jupyter notebook 执行 bash 命令，将 python 变量的值作为参数传递，如本例所示:

How do I execute a bash command from Ipython/Jupyter notebook passing the value of a python variable as an argument like in this example:

py_var="foo"
!grep py_var bar.txt

(显然我想为 foo 而不是文字字符串 py_var)

(obviously I want to grep for foo and not the literal string py_var)

推荐答案

使用 $ 为 变量 名称添加前缀.

Prefix your variable names with a $.

示例

假设您要将文件 file1 复制到存储在名为 dir_pth 的 python 变量中的路径:

Say you want to copy a file file1 to a path stored in a python variable named dir_pth:

dir_path = "/home/foo/bar"
!cp file1 $dir_path

来自 Ipython 或 Jupyter 笔记本

from Ipython or Jupyter notebook

编辑

感谢 Catbuilts 的建议，如果您想连接多个字符串以形成路径，请使用 {..} 而不是 $..$.在这两种情况下都适用的通用解决方案是坚持使用 {..}

Thanks to the suggestion from Catbuilts, if you want to concatenate multiple strings to form the path, use {..} instead of $..$. A general solution that works in both situations is to stick with {..}

dir_path = "/home/foo/bar"
!cp file1 {dir_path}

如果您想将另一个字符串 sub_dir 连接到您的路径，则:

And if you want to concatinate another string sub_dir to your path, then:

!cp file1 {dir_path + sub_dir}

编辑 2

有关使用原始字符串(以 r 为前缀)传递变量的相关讨论，请参阅 将 Ipython 变量作为字符串参数传递给 shell 命令

For a related discussion on the use of raw strings (prefixed with r) to pass the variables, see Passing Ipython variables as string arguments to shell command

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