如何在 r 中以水平堆积条形图的样式创建时间序列图 [英] How to create a time series plot in the style of a horizontal stacked bar plot in r
问题描述
我想创建一个水平的堆积条形"类型图，其中日期沿 x 轴运行，我的样本在 y 轴上显示为条形.在下面的简单示例中，我有三个样本(a、b、c)，每个样本包含三个值(0、1、2).我希望根据沿 x 轴的每个时间步的值对水平条进行着色，以便我最终得到三个水平条(每个样本一个)，它们从我的第一个时间点运行到最后一个时间点并包含一个一系列具有与不同值相关的颜色的块.
I would like to create a horizontal ‘stacked bar’ type plot in which date runs along the x-axis and my samples appear as bars on the y-axis. In the simple example below, I have three samples (a, b, c) each containing three values (0, 1, 2). I would like the horizontal bar to be coloured based on the value at each time step along the x-axis, so that I end up with three horizontal bars (one for each sample) that run from my first to last time point and contain a series of blocks with colours that relate to the different values.
例如，假设我希望值 0 为蓝色，值 1 为黄色，值 2 为红色:对于样本 a，跟踪的前两天将是蓝色，然后接下来的两天将是黄色，后跟一个蓝色等等……
For example, say I want value 0 to be blue, value 1 to be yellow and value 2 to be red: for sample a, the first two days of the trace would be blue, then the next two days would be yellow, followed by a single blue and so on……
示例数据:
df <- structure(list(date = c("30/04/2011", "01/05/2011", "02/05/2011", "03/05/2011", "04/05/2011", "05/05/2011", "06/05/2011", "07/05/2011", "08/05/2011", "09/05/2011", "10/05/2011", "11/05/2011", "12/05/2011", "13/05/2011", "14/05/2011", "15/05/2011", "16/05/2011", "17/05/2011", "18/05/2011", "19/05/2011", "20/05/2011", "21/05/2011", "22/05/2011", "23/05/2011", "24/05/2011", "25/05/2011", "26/05/2011", "27/05/2011", "28/05/2011", "29/05/2011", "30/05/2011", "31/05/2011", "01/06/2011", "02/06/2011", "03/06/2011", "04/06/2011", "05/06/2011", "06/06/2011", "07/06/2011", "08/06/2011", "09/06/2011", "10/06/2011", "11/06/2011", "12/06/2011", "13/06/2011", "14/06/2011", "15/06/2011", "16/06/2011", "17/06/2011", "18/06/2011", "19/06/2011", "20/06/2011", "21/06/2011", "22/06/2011", "23/06/2011", "24/06/2011", "25/06/2011", "26/06/2011", "27/06/2011", "28/06/2011", "29/06/2011", "30/06/2011", "01/07/2011", "02/07/2011", "03/07/2011", "04/07/2011", "05/07/2011", "06/07/2011", "07/07/2011", "08/07/2011", "09/07/2011", "10/07/2011", "11/07/2011", "12/07/2011", "13/07/2011", "14/07/2011", "15/07/2011", "16/07/2011", "17/07/2011", "18/07/2011", "19/07/2011", "20/07/2011", "21/07/2011", "22/07/2011", "23/07/2011", "24/07/2011"), a = c(0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L), b = c(0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), c = c(1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)), .Names = c("date", "a", "b", "c"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -86L))
head(df)
# date a b c
# 1 30/04/2011 0 0 1
# 2 01/05/2011 0 1 1
# 3 02/05/2011 1 1 0
# 4 03/05/2011 1 0 0
# 5 04/05/2011 0 0 0
这一定是一件很容易实现的事情，但我无法理解它(即条形图似乎不适用于此).任何帮助，将不胜感激.谢谢！
This must be a really easy thing to achieve but I can’t get my head around it (i.e. bar plot doesn't seem to work for this). Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!
推荐答案
对于 ggplot2 绘图，首先将 df 转换为长格式(使用 reshape2 包中的 melt)，将日期列转换为 "Date" 类和 value 列到一个因子，然后使用 geom_tile:
For a ggplot2 plot first convert df to long form (using melt from the reshape2 package), convert the date column to "Date" class and the value column to a factor and then use geom_tile:
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
long <- melt(df, measure.var = 2:4)
long <- transform(long, date = as.Date(long$date, "%d/%m/%Y"), value = factor(value))
ggplot(long, aes(date, variable)) +
geom_tile(aes(fill = value)) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("blue", "yellow", "red"))
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