为什么 C 需要“struct"?关键字而不是 C++? [英] Why does C need "struct" keyword and not C++?

问题描述

我一直对这里发生的事情感到有些困惑:

I've always been a little confused about what's going on here:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {  
    timeval tv;
    tv.tv_sec = 1;

    for (;;) {
        select(0, 0, 0, 0, &tv);
        printf("%s
", "Hello World!");
    }
}

对不起，如果没有编译，只是写它作为一个简单的例子.

Sorry if that doesn't compile, just wrote it as a quick example.

除非我在使用 struct timeval 之前添加关键字 struct，否则这样的代码不会在 gcc 下编译.另一方面，g++ 可以很好地处理它.

Code like this won't compile under gcc unless I add the keyword struct prior to the use of the struct timeval. g++ on the other hand handles it fine as is.

这是 C 和 C++ 处理结构的方式之间的差异，还是仅仅是编译器的差异?(我非常面向 C++，像这样在 C 语言中使用 struct 总是让我有些困惑).

Is this a difference between how C and C++ handle structures or is it just a difference in the compilers? (I'm very C++ oriented, and the use of struct in C on lines like this has always somewhat baffled me).

推荐答案

在语法上两者对 struct 的处理几乎相同.只有 C++ 添加了一个额外的规则，允许在没有歧义的情况下省略 struct(和 class)关键字.

Syntactically both treat struct almost the same. Only C++ has added an extra rule that allows to omit the struct (and class) keyword if there is no ambiguity.

如果有歧义，C++ 在某些地方也需要 struct 关键字.一个臭名昭著的例子是 POSIX 系统上的 stat，其中有一个 struct stat 和一个函数 stat.

If there is ambiguity, also C++ requires the struct keyword in some places. A notorious example is stat on POSIX systems where there is a struct stat and a function stat.

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