通过 RVM 在 Ubuntu、Ruby 1.9.2 上安装使用本机扩展的 gem 时出错 [英] Error installing gems that use native extensions on Ubuntu, Ruby 1.9.2 via RVM

问题描述

我在尝试安装 ffi gem 时遇到错误:

I get an error while trying to install the ffi gem:

~ - 16:54>gem i ffi
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing ffi:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        rake RUBYARCHDIR=/home/mdemare/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/ffi-1.0.6/lib RUBYLIBDIR=/home/mdemare/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/ffi-1.0.6/lib
/home/mdemare/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems.rb:370:in `bin_path': can't find gem rake ([">= 0"]) with executable rake (Gem::GemNotFoundException)
        from /home/mdemare/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin/rake:19:in `<main>'

Gem files will remain installed in /home/mdemare/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/ffi-1.0.6 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/mdemare/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/ffi-1.0.6/gen/gem_make.out

我在安装带有本机扩展的 gem 时经常遇到各种错误，所以我认为我的 Ubuntu 安装有问题，但我不知道是什么.我会发布您诊断问题所需的任何信息.

I'm getting frequent errors of all kinds while installing gems with native extensions, so I assume that there's something broken with my Ubuntu installation, but I've no idea what. I'll post any information you need to diagnose the problem.

当我 cd 到 ffi gem(在第二行但最后一行提到)并在第 6 行运行 rake 行时，我得到找不到 RubyGem rake-compiler".

When I cd to the ffi gem (mentioned in the second but last line), and run the rake line in line 6, I get "Could not find RubyGem rake-compiler".

在 gem i rake-compiler 之后，再次运行 rake，我得到了这个:

After gem i rake-compiler, and run rake again, I get this:

configure: error: source directory already configured; run "make distclean" there first
make: *** [/home/mdemare/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/ffi-1.0.6/build/x86_64-linux/ffi_c/1.9.2/libffi/.libs/libffi_convenience.a] Error 1
rake aborted!
Command failed with status (2): [make...]

更新:

这些是我的 rake gemspecs:

These are my rake gemspecs:

~ - 10:59>find ~/.rvm/ -name 'rake-0.8.7.gemspec'
~/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/specifications/rake-0.8.7.gemspec
~/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136@global/specifications/rake-0.8.7.gemspec
~/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/specifications/rake-0.8.7.gemspec

最后一个是 gem 的外观，但 gemspec 与第一个不同，并且不包含可执行文件.复制长文件并不能完全解决问题 - 我得到了一个找不到 rake 可执行文件的文件.

The last one is where gem looks, but that gemspec is different from the first one, and doesn't include the executable. Copying the long one doesn't quite solve the problem though - I get a file not found for the rake executable.

推荐答案

这让我在波士顿黑客日尝试安装 Vagrant(FFI 是依赖项)时非常恼火.我最终浪费了很多时间，以至于我换了机器来解决这个问题.

This caused me a ton of aggravation at the Boston Hack Day when trying to install Vagrant (for which FFI is a dependency). I ended up wasting so much time that I switched machines to work around the problem.

事后，我发现了一个可行的方法(尽管我确信有更好的解决方案).错误消息所抱怨的文件

After the fact, I found a hack that works (although I'm sure there's a better solution). The file that the error message is complaining about

~/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180/bin/rake

与其他类似副本的不同之处在于它在头部缺少路径设置内容，因此我从包含它们的文件之一复制了这些行:

differs from other similar copies in that it's missing path setup stuff at the head, so I copied these lines from one of the files that had them:

[根据下面@danv 的回答进行了通用化.感谢改进！]

[genericized per @danv's answer below. Thanks for the improvement!]

ENV['GEM_HOME']=ENV['GEM_HOME'] || '~/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180'
ENV['GEM_PATH']=ENV['GEM_PATH'] || '~/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180:~/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180@global'
ENV['PATH']='~/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180/bin:~/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180@global/bin:~/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/bin:' + ENV['PATH']

这为我解决了问题.这是一个新的 Ubuntu 10.10 安装，没有默认的 Ruby 安装(这可能是问题的一部分)和使用 RVM 安装的 Ruby 1.9.2.许多其他 gem 安装得很好，包括那些需要本地编译的，所以问题是 FFI 特有的.

That fixed it for me. This was a new Ubuntu 10.10 install with no default Ruby installation (which could be part of the problem) and Ruby 1.9.2 installed using RVM. Lots of other gems installed fine, including those requiring native compilation, so the problem is something specific to FFI.

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