庆典scripting..copying文件，而不会覆盖 [英] bash scripting..copying files without overwriting

问题描述

我想知道是否可以复制/移动文件的基础上的名字由来的目的地。

I would like to know if it is possible to copy/move files to a destination based on the origin name.

基本上，我有一个/邮件文件夹，里面有几个子文件夹，如恶狗，新等。然后我在/电子邮件/主页/用户名即是重复提取的备份。 MV -f将无法正常工作，因为我没有权限覆盖范围内的目录，但只有文件。

Basically, I have a /mail folder, which has several subfolders such as cur and new etc. I then have an extracted backup in /mail/home/username that is a duplicate. mv -f will not work, as I do not have permission to overwrite the directories, but only the files within.

我得到的错误，如MV：无法覆盖目录`/home/username/mail/username.com

I get errors such as mv: cannot overwrite directory `/home/username/mail/username.com'

我想要做的就是在目录username.com的每个文件，将其移动到/邮件同名的文件夹。有可能是任何数量的地方username.com的文件夹，用自己的独立子sirectories。

What I want to do is for each file in the directory username.com, move it to the folder of the same name in /mail. There could be any number of folders in place of username.com, with seperate sub sirectories of their own.

什么是做到这一点的最好方法是什么？

What is the best way to do this?

我必须这样做是由于情况下，我只能访问到我的主机通过FTP PHP和bash。

I have to do it this way as due to circumstances I only have access to my host with ftp and bash via php.

编辑：澄清

我想我需要澄清所发生的事情。我是一个共享的主机上，显然不具备这些目录本身的写权限。至少主要的，如邮件和的public_html。我做的〜/邮件备份与焦油，但试图提取时，提取到〜/电子邮件/主页/邮件等，因为我忘了完整路径。现在，我不能简单地解压缩，因为道路是错误的，我不能MV -f，因为我只需要文件，而不是目录的写权限。

I think I need to clarify what happened. I am on a shared host, and apparently do not have write access to the directories themselves. At least the main ones such as mail and public_html. I made a backup of ~/mail with tar, but when trying to extract it extracted to ~/mail/home/mail etc, as I forgot about the full path. Now, I cannot simply untar because the path is wrong, and I cannot mv -f because I only have write access to files, not directories.

推荐答案

有关复制，您应该考虑使用的cpio 在及格模式（ -p ）

For copying, you should consider using cpio in 'pass' mode (-p):

cd /mail; find . -type f | cpio -pvdmB /home/username/mail

的 -v 是冗长; -d 创建目录，必要的; -m preserves对文件的修改时间; -B 表示使用较大的块大小，并且可以是这里无关紧要（它用于与磁带设备搞乱时有所作为）。从这个列表中省略是 -u 标志，确实无条件的复制，并覆盖目标区pre-现有文件。在 CD 命令确保路径名是否正确;如果你只是做：

The -v is for verbose; -d creates directories as necessary; -m preserves the modification times on the files; -B means use a larger block size, and may be irrelevant here (it used to make a difference when messing with tape devices). Omitted from this list is the -u flag that does unconditional copying, overwriting pre-existing files in target area. The cd command ensures that the path names are correct; if you just did:

find /mail -type f | cpio -pvdmB /home/username

您将获得相同的结果，而只是巧合 - 因为根据 /家庭/用户名子目录是原来一样的绝对路径。如果你需要做的：

you would achieve the same result, but only by coincidence - because the sub-directory under /home/username was the same as the absolute pathname of the original. If you needed to do:

find /var/spool/mail -type f | cpio -pvdmB /home/username/mail

然后复制的文件将根据中找到的/ home /用户名/邮件的/ var / spool / mail中，这是不太可能，你脑子里想的是什么。

then the copied files would be found under /home/username/mail/var/spool/mail, which is unlikely to be what you had in mind.

可以实现与（GNU）焦油类似的效果：

You can achieve a similar effect with (GNU) tar:

(cd /mail; tar -cf - . ) | (cd /home/username/mail; tar -xf - )

本拷贝目录，而不仅仅是文件。要做到这一点，你需要GNU的唯一设施：

This copies directories, not just files. To do that, you need GNU-only facilities:

(cd /mail; find . -type f | tar -cf - -F - ) | (cd /home/username/mail; tar -xf - )

第一个独奏破折号意味着写入stdout';第二个意思是从标准输入读;在-F选项意味着读文件名从指定的文件复制。

The first solo dash means 'write to stdout'; the second means 'read from stdin'; the '-F' option means 'read the file names to copy from the named file'.

这篇关于庆典scripting..copying文件，而不会覆盖的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！