用C儿童家长的关系与传承 [英] Child Parent Relationship and Inheritance in C

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问题描述

我用C全新的。


  1. 什么是继承使用叉()创建子进程的项目;


  2. 什么是从进程的父不同过程的项目?



解决方案

这还没有得到肯定跟C,相当与叉(),这是一个POSIX系统调用(我想这可能不同的表现在不同的系统)。

我建议您阅读 手动,这大约是这个真正清楚:


  

叉()创建通过复制调用进程的新进程。该
  新的被称为孩子,是调用的精确副本
  过程中,被称为父,除了以下几点:


  
  

      
  • 这孩子有自己独特的进程ID,而这个PID不匹配任何现有的进程组的ID( setpgid (2))。


  •   
  • 孩子的父进程ID是一样的父进程ID。


  •   
  • 孩子不继承其父的内存锁( MLOCK (2) mlockall用于(2 ))。


  •   
  • 进程资源利用率​​(的getrusage (2))和CPU时间计数器((2) )在子复位到零。


  •   
  • 孩子的组待决的信号最初是空的( sigpending (2))。


  •   
  • 孩子不继承其父信号灯的调整(执行semop (2))。


  •   
  • 孩子不继承其父记录锁定(的fcntl (2))。


  •   
  • 孩子不继承其父定时器( setitimer函数(2)报警(2 ), timer_create (2))。


  •   
  • 孩子不继承其父未完成的异步I / O操作(的aio_read (3)则aio_write (3)),也不会继承
      从其父任何异步I / O上下文(见 io_setup (2))。


  •   

  
  

该过程在preceding列表中的所有属性指定
  POSIX.1-2001。在父母和孩子也对于不同
  以下Linux特有的进程属性:


  
  

      
  • 孩子不继承其父目录的变更通知(dnotify)(见F_NOTIFY的描述的fcntl (2))。


  •   
  • 使用prctl (2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG 设置重置使孩子不接收信号当其父终止。


  •   
  • 这已经被打上了的madvise (2) MADV_DONTFORK 标志存储器映射不会在继承一个叉()


  •   
  • 孩子的终止信号总是 SIGCHLD (见克隆(2))。


  •   

  
  

请注意以下进一步指出:


  
  

      
  • 子进程与单个线程创建的 - 即那叫一个叉()。父的整个虚拟地址空间是
      复制的孩子,包括互斥的状态,条件
      变量,以及其他的pthreads物体;使用 pthread_atfork (3)
      可以处理的问题,这可能会导致非常有用。


  •   
  • 子继承打开文件描述符的母公司集的副本。在子每个文件描述符是指在同一开
      文件说明(见打开(2))作为相应的文件描述符
      在父。这意味着,两个描述符共享打开文件
      状态标志,当前文件偏移和信号驱动的I / O属性
      (见的说明 F_SETOWN F_SETSIG 的fcntl ( 2))。


  •   
  • 孩子继承了开放式消息队列的描述符的父母的一套复印件(请参阅 mq_overview (7))。在子每个描述符
      是指在同一开放式消息队列描述,相应的
      描述符中的父。这意味着,两个描述符共享
      相同的标志( mq_flags )。


  •   
  • 孩子继承打开目录流的父母的一套复印件(请参阅执行opendir (3))。 POSIX.1-2001说,对应
      目录流的父母和孩子可以共享目录
      流定位;在Linux / glibc的他们不这样做。


  •   

如果你有兴趣了解Linux,您也应该检查克隆系统调用,可以让你与你想要的东西更精确指定。

I am totally new with C.

  1. What are the process items that are inherited in a child created using fork();?

  2. What are the process items that are different from the process's parent?

解决方案

This hasn't got much to do with C, rather with fork(), which is a POSIX system call (and I guess it could behave differently on different systems).

I'd suggest you to read the fork manual, which is really clear about this:

fork() creates a new process by duplicating the calling process. The new referred to as the child, is an exact duplicate of the calling process, referred to as the parent, except for the following points:

  • The child has its own unique process ID, and this PID does not match the ID of any existing process group (setpgid(2)).

  • The child's parent process ID is the same as the parent's process ID.

  • The child does not inherit its parent's memory locks (mlock(2), mlockall(2)).

  • Process resource utilizations (getrusage(2)) and CPU time counters (times(2)) are reset to zero in the child.

  • The child's set of pending signals is initially empty (sigpending(2)).

  • The child does not inherit semaphore adjustments from its parent (semop(2)).

  • The child does not inherit record locks from its parent (fcntl(2)).

  • The child does not inherit timers from its parent (setitimer(2), alarm(2), timer_create(2)).

  • The child does not inherit outstanding asynchronous I/O operations from its parent (aio_read(3), aio_write(3)), nor does it inherit any asynchronous I/O contexts from its parent (see io_setup(2)).

The process attributes in the preceding list are all specified in POSIX.1-2001. The parent and child also differ with respect to the following Linux-specific process attributes:

  • The child does not inherit directory change notifications (dnotify) from its parent (see the description of F_NOTIFY in fcntl(2)).

  • The prctl(2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG setting is reset so that the child does not receive a signal when its parent terminates.

  • Memory mappings that have been marked with the madvise(2) MADV_DONTFORK flag are not inherited across a fork().

  • The termination signal of the child is always SIGCHLD (see clone(2)).

Note the following further points:

  • The child process is created with a single thread -- the one that called fork(). The entire virtual address space of the parent is replicated in the child, including the states of mutexes, condition variables, and other pthreads objects; the use of pthread_atfork(3) may be helpful for dealing with problems that this can cause.

  • The child inherits copies of the parent's set of open file descriptors. Each file descriptor in the child refers to the same open file description (see open(2)) as the corresponding file descriptor in the parent. This means that the two descriptors share open file status flags, current file offset, and signal-driven I/O attributes (see the description of F_SETOWN and F_SETSIG in fcntl(2)).

  • The child inherits copies of the parent's set of open message queue descriptors (see mq_overview(7)). Each descriptor in the child refers to the same open message queue description as the corresponding descriptor in the parent. This means that the two descriptors share the same flags (mq_flags).

  • The child inherits copies of the parent's set of open directory streams (see opendir(3)). POSIX.1-2001 says that the corresponding directory streams in the parent and child may share the directory stream positioning; on Linux/glibc they do not.

If you're interested about Linux, you should also check the clone system call, that lets you specify with more accuracy what you want.

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