Stroustrup的Simple_window.h [英] Stroustrup's Simple_window.h

问题描述

我试图从Stroustrup的原理和实践... C ++中获得图形示例，但无济于事。我已经安装了fltk的东西，并知道这是工作正常，因为我设法得到一个窗口显示使用在他的书的附录中建议的程序：

  #include< FL / Fl.H> 
 #include< FL / Fl_Box.H> 
 #include< FL / Fl_Window.H> 
 
 int main（）{
 
 Fl_Window窗口（200,200，title here）; 
 Fl_Box box（0,0,200,200，Hey，hello wrld）; 
 window.show（）; 
 return Fl :: run（）;但是，尝试我自己的使用他的Simple_window.h（可以在他的发现上找到他的。）（
} 
  

<站点）给出引用''窗口'是不明确的，因为它已经在usr / include / X11 / Xh。所以我试着指定命名空间到相关的命名空间：

  struct Simple_window：Graph_lib :: Window {命名空间
 Simple_window（Point xy，int w，int h，const string& title）; 
 
 bool wait_for_button（）; //简单事件循环
 
。 
。 
。 
  

但是这给我一个更多的错误我不明白：

  $ clear; g ++ -Wno-deprecated window.cpp -o holz 
 /tmp/ccIFivNg.o：在函数main中：
 window.cpp :(。text + 0x64）：未定义引用`Simple_window :: Simple_window（Point，int，int，String const&）'
 /tmp/ccIFivNg.o：在函数`Graph_lib :: Window ::〜Window（）'中：
 window.cpp :(。 ._ZN9Graph_lib6WindowD2Ev [_ZN9Graph_lib6WindowD5Ev] + 0x14）：未定义引用`vtable for Graph_lib :: Window'
  

。

我认为掌握图形将是一条漫长而艰难的道路--_

解决方案

对于同样困境中的任何人，我离开这里，我做了最终能够编译并获得第一个程序的窗口与FLTK的第12.3节的Stroustrup的书编程：原理和实践使用C + ，第2版。

在Kubuntu 14.04上安装FLTK后使用

  $ sudo apt install libfltk1.3-dev 
  

我可以编译附录D中的示例程序使用

  $ fltk-config --compile fltkTest.cpp 
  

感谢这篇文章，我可以看到我最终能够与第12章的第一个例子在轨道上。比较cwivagg和Nathan的命令与生成的命令与fltk-config，我以此命令结束

  $ clang ++ -I / usr / include / cairo -I / usr / include /glib-2.0 -I / usr / lib / x86_64-linux-gnu / glib-2.0 / include -I / usr / include / pixman-1 -I / usr / include / freetype2 -I / usr / include / libpng12 -I / usr / include / freetype2 -I / usr / include / cairo -I / usr / include / glib-2.0 -I / usr / lib / x86_64-linux-gnu / glib-2.0 / include -I / usr / include / pixman -1 -i / usr / include / freetype2 -I / usr / include / libpng12 -g -O2 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_THREAD_SAFE -D_REENTRANT -Wl，-Bsymbolic-functions -lfltk_images -lfltk -lX11 -std = c ++ 11 -o's12_3_first''s12_3_first.cpp'Simple_window.cpp Graph.cpp GUI.cpp Window.cpp 
  

我不得不添加-lfltk_images和-std = c ++ 11

然而，现在我不得不处理编译器给我的错误。为了得到一个工作程序，我不得不对Stroustrup对 http：// www .stroustrup.com / Programming / PPP2code /

1. 我取消注释Graph.h上的std_lib_facilities.h


2. 为了解决Window的模糊性，我需要在Simple_window.h的第9行上指定Graph_lib :: Window。


3. 在第107行和第113行使用i <


4. Graph.h第159行使用fl_color（），但是编译器说它应该是Fl_Color


5. 我需要取消注释Point中的Point的构造函数。


6. 在Simple_window.h的Simple_window.cpp上有几个重定义
   在Simple_window.cpp我注释了构造函数的定义，
   cb_next和wait_for_button（这与
   Simple_window.h中的不一样）。在Simple_window.h我注释掉了
   的定义wait_for_button和next。顺便说一句，wait_for_button在
   中不起作用。


7. 在GUI.cpp中，有一个重新定义Menu的构造函数。


8. 我更改了第12.3节的示例的最后一行
   from
   win.wait_for_button;
   to
   Fl :: run（）;
   ，我从附录D的示例中获取，因为否则窗口会
   不以关闭按钮关闭。

对于所有这些更改，我终于有窗口，因为它应该是，窗口关闭与下一个按钮或关闭按钮的所述窗口（与wait_for_button我需要结束程序从Konsole与Ctrl-c后我试图用窗口的关闭按钮关闭它。）

我希望下一个人不必花所有的时间，我有。

编辑：好吧，检查我的系统和编译命令，我意识到有几个地毯重复...而且他们实际上不存在在我的Kubuntu系统。所以，我必须写下我的答案，我终于要让窗口工作：

要获得一个对象文件：

  $ clang ++ -O2 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_THREAD_SAFE -D_REENTRANT -g -std = c ++ 11 -c Simple_window.cpp 
  
 
 
 
获得我们想要的第一个程序
 ％clang ++ -O2 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_THREAD_SAFE -D_REENTRANT -Wl，-Bsymbolic-functions -lfltk_images -lfltk -lX11 -g -std = c ++ 11 Simple_window.o Graph.o GUI.o Window.o -o z3 s12_3_first.cpp 
  
这些是一个地狱很容易（我几乎可以写它们每次我需要它们）
 
I am trying to get the graphics examples to work from Stroustrup's Principles and Practices ...C++, to no avail (yet). I have installed the fltk stuff, and know that is working fine as I managed to get a window to display using with a program suggested in the appendix of his book:
#include <FL/Fl.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Box.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Window.H>

int main(){

    Fl_Window window(200,200, "title here");
    Fl_Box box(0,0,200,200,"Hey, hello wrld");
    window.show();
    return Fl::run();
}
However, trying my own using his Simple_window.h (can be found on his site) gives "reference to ‘Window’ is ambiguous", since it's already at usr/include/X11/X.h . So I tried specifying the namespace to the relevant one:
struct Simple_window : Graph_lib::Window {  //Changed Window to inc. namespace
    Simple_window(Point xy, int w, int h, const string& title );

    bool wait_for_button(); // simple event loop

.
.
.
But this gives me a bunch more errors I don't understand:
$ clear; g++ -Wno-deprecated window.cpp -o holz
    /tmp/ccIFivNg.o: In function `main':
    window.cpp:(.text+0x64): undefined reference to `Simple_window::Simple_window(Point, int, int, String const&)'
    /tmp/ccIFivNg.o: In function `Graph_lib::Window::~Window()':
    window.cpp:(.text._ZN9Graph_lib6WindowD2Ev[_ZN9Graph_lib6WindowD5Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `vtable for Graph_lib::Window'
etc.

I feel mastering graphics is going to be a long and rocky road -_-
解决方案
To anyone in the same predicament, I leave here what I did to finally be able to compile and get the window of the first program with FLTK on section 12.3 of Stroustrup's book "Programming: Principles and Practice using C++, 2nd Edition".

After installing FLTK on Kubuntu 14.04 with
$ sudo apt install libfltk1.3-dev
I could compile the example program on Appendix D with the use of
$ fltk-config --compile fltkTest.cpp
Thanks to this post, I could see how I could finally get it on track with the first example of chapter 12. Comparing the command of cwivagg and Nathan with the command generated with fltk-config, I ended with this command
$ clang++ -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -g -O2 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_THREAD_SAFE -D_REENTRANT -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -lfltk_images -lfltk -lX11 -std=c++11 -o 's12_3_first' 's12_3_first.cpp' Simple_window.cpp Graph.cpp GUI.cpp Window.cpp
I had to add -lfltk_images and -std=c++11

However, now I had to deal with the errors that the compiler gave me. To get a working program, I had to do several changes to the sources that Stroustrup gave on http://www.stroustrup.com/Programming/PPP2code/

I uncommented std_lib_facilities.h on Graph.h
To resolve the ambiguity of Window, I needed to specify Graph_lib::Window on line 9 of Simple_window.h
std_lib_facilities.h on lines 107 and 113 uses a i<0 comparison when i is 
unsigned (but these are just warnings).
Graph.h line 159 uses fl_color() but the compiler says it should be Fl_Color
I needed to uncomment the constructors for Point in Point.h
There are several redefinitions on Simple_window.cpp of Simple_window.h
On Simple_window.cpp I commented out the definitions for the constructor, 
cb_next and wait_for_button (which is not the same as the one on 
Simple_window.h). On Simple_window.h I commented out the definitions of
wait_for_button and next. By the way, wait_for_button does not work in 
either form.
In GUI.cpp there is another redefinition for the constructor of Menu. I 
commented it out.
I changed the last line of the example of section 12.3 
from
win.wait_for_button;
to
Fl::run();
which I took from the example on Appendix D, because otherwise the window does
not close with its close button.
With all these changes I finally have the window as it should be, and the window close either with the Next button or the close button of the said window (with wait_for_button I needed to end the program from Konsole with Ctrl-c after I tried to close it with the close button of the window).

I hope the next person do not have to spend all the time I had to.

Edit: Well, checking at my system and the compiling command, I realized that there are several carpets repeated... and that they actually don't exist in my Kubuntu system. So, I have to write down in my answer what I finally do to get the window working:

To get an object file:
$ clang++ -O2 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_THREAD_SAFE -D_REENTRANT -g -std=c++11 -c  Simple_window.cpp
To get the first program that we wanted
% clang++ -O2 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_THREAD_SAFE -D_REENTRANT -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -lfltk_images -lfltk -lX11 -g -std=c++11 Simple_window.o Graph.o GUI.o Window.o -o z3 s12_3_first.cpp
These are a hell lot easier (I almost can write them every time I need them)

                        
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