C ++：如何链接到libA.so而不是libA-X.Y.Z.so [英] C++ : how to link against libA.so and not libA-X.Y.Z.so
问题描述
我有一个图书馆A，我开发。当我在机器上部署它时，相应的 libA.so 和 libA-X.Y.Z.so 放在/ usr / lib（X.Y.Z是版本号）。
I have a library A, that I develop. When I deploy it on a machine, the corresponding libA.so and libA-X.Y.Z.so are put in /usr/lib (X.Y.Z being the version number).
现在我开发一个库B，它使用A.当我链接B，我使用标志-lA。然后 ldd libB.so 给我：
Now I develop a library B, which uses A. When I link B, I use the flag -lA. Then "ldd libB.so" gives me :
(...)
libA-X.Y.Z.so => /usr/lib/libA-X.Y.Z.so
(...)
当我发布一个新版本的A（XYZZ），我也必须发布一个新版本的B.否则，有人安装最新的A将无法安装B，将寻找的版本XYZ的
My problem is that when I release a new version of A (X.Y.ZZ), I also have to release a new version of B. Otherwise, someone installing the latest A won't be able to install B which will be looking for the version X.Y.Z which doesn't exist.
如何解决这个问题？我如何告诉B查找libA.so而不是libA-X.Y.Z.so？还是这样做是错误的？甚至不安全？
How do I solve this problem ? How can I tell B to look for libA.so and not libA-X.Y.Z.so ? Or is it wrong to do so ? even unsafe ?
更新1 ：库A（我从其他人继承而来）使用自动工具。
Update 1 : library A (that I inherited from someone else) uses autotools.
更新2 ：构建库A时，可以看到： - wl，-soname -Wl，libA-0.6 .so。如果我理解正确，这意味着我们强制soname是 libA-0.6.1.so 。是对的吗 ？现在我的问题是，我没有线索如何修改这个行为在一个使用autotools的项目。我googled了一会儿，但是找不到任何有用的信息。我应该修改configure.in还是Makefile.am？
Update 2 : when I build library A, I can see : "-Wl,-soname -Wl,libA-0.6.1.so". If I understand properly that means that we are forcing the soname to be libA-0.6.1.so. Is that right ? Now my problem is that I have no clue how to modify this behaviour in a project which uses autotools. I googled for a while but can't find any useful information. Should I modify configure.in or a Makefile.am ?
推荐答案
在创建libA.so时，将-soname选项传递给链接器（如果通过gcc链接， ，-soname）。然后，当B链接时，链接器通过其soname而不是通过其文件名来引用A.在目标系统上，确保您具有从soname到真实文件的链接。请参阅
When you create libA.so, pass the -soname option to the linker (if you linking through gcc, use -Wl,-soname). Then, when B gets linked, the linker refers to A through its soname, not through its filename. On the target system, make sure you have a link from the soname to the real file. See
http://www.linux.org/docs/ldp/howto/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html
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