为自定义流类编写操纵器 [英] Writing a manipulator for a custom stream class
问题描述
我编写了一个自定义流类,它输出缩进的文本,并具有可以更改缩进级别的操纵器。所有缩进的工作都在一个自定义流缓冲区类中实现,它由流类使用。缓冲区是工作(即文本缩进在输出),但我不能让我的操纵器工作。我在很多地方阅读ostream(我的类扩展)重载操作符<<像这样:
I've written a custom stream class that outputs indented text and that has manipulators that can change the indent level. All of the indenting work is implemented in a custom stream buffer class, which is used by the stream class. The buffer is working (i.e. text is indented in the output), but I can't get my manipulators to work. I was reading in a lot of places how ostream (which my class extends) overloads the operator<< like this:
ostream& ostream::operator << ( ostream& (*op)(ostream&))
{
// call the function passed as parameter with this stream as the argument
return (*op)(*this);
}
这意味着它可以将函数作为参数。那么为什么我的缩进或deindent流函数不被识别?我肯定我必须做一些重载的操作符<<,但我不应该不需要?请参阅下面的代码:
Which means it can take in a function as a parameter. So why aren't my "indent" or "deindent" stream functions being recognized? I'm sure I have to do some overloading of operator<<, but shouldn't I not need to? See below for my code:
#include <iostream>
#include <streambuf>
#include <locale>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
class indentbuf: public streambuf {
public:
indentbuf(streambuf* sbuf): m_sbuf(sbuf), m_indent(4), m_need(true) {}
int indent() const { return m_indent; }
void indent() { m_indent+=4; }
void deindent() { if(m_indent >= 4) m_indent-= 4; }
protected:
virtual int_type overflow(int_type c) {
if (traits_type::eq_int_type(c, traits_type::eof()))
return m_sbuf->sputc(c);
if (m_need)
{
fill_n(ostreambuf_iterator<char>(m_sbuf), m_indent, ' ');
m_need = false;
}
if (traits_type::eq_int_type(m_sbuf->sputc(c), traits_type::eof()))
return traits_type::eof();
if (traits_type::eq_int_type(c, traits_type::to_char_type('\n')))
m_need = true;
return traits_type::not_eof(c);
}
streambuf* m_sbuf;
int m_indent;
bool m_need;
};
class IndentStream : public ostream {
public:
IndentStream(ostream &os) : ib(os.rdbuf()), ostream(&ib){};
ostream& indent(ostream& stream) {
ib.indent();
return stream;
}
ostream& deindent(ostream& stream) {
ib.deindent();
return stream;
}
private:
indentbuf ib;
};
int main()
{
IndentStream is(cout);
is << "31 hexadecimal: " << hex << 31 << endl;
is << "31 hexadecimal: " << hex << 31 << endl;
is << "31 hexadecimal: " << hex << 31 << deindent << endl;
return 0;
}
谢谢!
推荐答案
您的操纵器应该声明为一个只接受类型 ostream& code>。然而,如果你使它成为一个成员函数,你知道有一个隐式的
这个
参数传递给函数。
Your manipulator should be declared as a function which accepts just one argument of type ostream&
. However, if you make it a member function, you know there is an implicit this
argument being passed to the function as well.
因此,您应该将操作器声明为一个免费的非成员函数,使它 friend
类,以便它可以访问其私有成员 ib
:
Thus, you should rather declare your manipulator as a free, non-member function, making it friend
of your class so that it can access its private member ib
:
class IndentStream : public ostream {
public:
IndentStream(ostream &os) : ib(os.rdbuf()), ostream(&ib){};
ostream& indent(ostream& stream) {
ib.indent();
return stream;
}
friend ostream& deindent(ostream& stream);
// ^^^^^^
private:
indentbuf ib;
};
ostream& deindent(ostream& stream)
{
IndentStream* pIndentStream = dynamic_cast<IndentStream*>(&stream);
if (pIndentStream != nullptr)
{
pIndentStream->ib.deindent();
}
return stream;
}
int main()
{
IndentStream is(cout);
is << "31 hexadecimal: " << hex << 31 << endl;
is << "31 hexadecimal: " << hex << 31 << deindent << endl;
is << "31 hexadecimal: " << hex << 31 << endl;
return 0;
}
或者,如果你真的想让你的函数成为一个成员,它 static:
Alternatively, if you really want your function to be a member, you could make it static:
class IndentStream : public ostream {
public:
IndentStream(ostream &os) : ib(os.rdbuf()), ostream(&ib){};
ostream& indent(ostream& stream) {
ib.indent();
return stream;
}
static ostream& deindent(ostream& stream)
{
IndentStream* pIndentStream = dynamic_cast<IndentStream*>(&stream);
if (pIndentStream != nullptr)
{
pIndentStream->ib.deindent();
}
return stream;
}
private:
indentbuf ib;
};
但是,这将迫使您使用限定名称来引用它:
However, this would force you to use a qualified name to refer to it:
int main()
{
IndentStream is(cout);
is << "31 hexadecimal: " << hex << 31 << endl;
is << "31 hexadecimal: " << hex << 31 << IndentStream::deindent << endl;
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
is << "31 hexadecimal: " << hex << 31 << endl;
return 0;
}
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