C ++从乘法继承的模板类调用虚方法 [英] C++ Calling a virtual method from a multiply inherited template class

问题描述

我在这里有很多代码，但是恐怕这个代码可以用来表达问题，所以请与我一起：

I have a lot of code here but I'm afraid this is as little code as I could put to convey the problem, so please bear with me:

#include <iostream>

#define ASINSTANCE(x, type, y)                                                 \
    type * y = dynamic_cast<type *>(&(x));                                     \
    if (y)

class Fruit {
    virtual void a() = 0; // This is to surpress the "Fruit isn't polymorphic" we'd otherwise get.
};

class Apple : public Fruit {
    virtual void a() {

    }
};

class Orange : public Fruit {
    virtual void a() {

    }
};

class Banana : public Fruit {
    virtual void a() {

    }
};

template<typename FruitType>
class FruitEater {

protected:
    virtual void eat(const FruitType & t) = 0;

};

template<typename... FruitTypes>
class MultiFruitEater : public FruitEater<FruitTypes>... {

public:
    // Eat any fruit if it belongs to FruitTypes (returns false otherwise).
    bool dispatchEat(const Fruit & fruit);

private:
    template<typename First>
    bool dispatchEatByType(const Fruit & fruit);

    template<typename First, typename Second, typename... Rest>
    bool dispatchEatByType(const Fruit & fruit);

};

class MyEater : public MultiFruitEater<Apple, Orange, Banana> {

protected:
    virtual void eat(const Apple & t);
    virtual void eat(const Orange & t);
    virtual void eat(const Banana & t);
};

void MyEater::eat(const Apple & t) {
    std::cout << "Ate apple." << std::endl;
}
void MyEater::eat(const Orange & t) {
    std::cout << "Ate orange." << std::endl;
}
void MyEater::eat(const Banana & t) {
    std::cout << "Ate banana." << std::endl;
}

template<typename... FruitTypes>
bool MultiFruitEater<FruitTypes...>::dispatchEat(const Fruit & fruit) {
    return dispatchEatByType<FruitTypes...>(fruit);
}

template<typename... FruitTypes>
template<typename First>
bool MultiFruitEater<FruitTypes...>::dispatchEatByType(const Fruit & fruit) {
    ASINSTANCE(fruit, const First, pCastFruit) {
        eat(*pCastFruit);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

template<typename... FruitTypes>
template<typename First, typename Second, typename... Rest>
bool MultiFruitEater<FruitTypes...>::dispatchEatByType(const Fruit & fruit) {
    ASINSTANCE(fruit, const First, pCastFruit) {
        eat(*pCastFruit);
        return true;
    }
    return dispatchEatByType<Second, Rest...>(fruit);
}

int main() {
    MyEater eater;
    Banana b;
    eater.dispatchEat(b);
}

问题出在这一行：

eat(*pCastFruit);

我遇到以下错误：

• 错误C2385：吃的模糊访问


• 错误C3861：eat：找不到标识符

我尝试用以下替换行：

this->FruitEater<First>::eat(*pCastFruit);

错误现在更改为：

• 错误LNK2019：未解析的外部符号protected：virtual
  void __thiscall FruitEater :: eat（class Apple const&）
  （？eat @？$ FruitEater @在函数
  中引用的函数VAipple @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ VOorme @VBanana @@@？$ MultiFruitEater @ VApple @@ VOrange @@ VBanana @@@@ AAE_NABVFruit @@@ Z）

• error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "protected: virtual void __thiscall FruitEater::eat(class Apple const &)" (?eat@?$FruitEater@VApple@@@@MAEXABVApple@@@Z) referenced in function "private: bool __thiscall MultiFruitEater::dispatchEatByType(class Fruit const &)" (??$dispatchEatByType@VApple@@VOrange@@VBanana@@@?$MultiFruitEater@VApple@@VOrange@@VBanana@@@@AAE_NABVFruit@@@Z)

错误LNK2019：未解决的外部符号protected：virtual
void __thiscall FruitEater :: eat（class Banana const&）
（？eat @？$ FruitEater @ VBanana @@@ MAEXABVBanana @@@ Z） b functionprivate：bool __thiscall MultiFruitEater :: dispatchEatByType（class Fruit
const&）
（?? $ dispatchEatByType @ VBanana @@@？MultiFruitEater @ VApple @@ VOrange @@ VBanana @@ @@ AAE_NABVFruit @@@ Z）

error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "protected: virtual void __thiscall FruitEater::eat(class Banana const &)" (?eat@?$FruitEater@VBanana@@@@MAEXABVBanana@@@Z) referenced in function "private: bool __thiscall MultiFruitEater::dispatchEatByType(class Fruit const &)" (??$dispatchEatByType@VBanana@@@?$MultiFruitEater@VApple@@VOrange@@VBanana@@@@AAE_NABVFruit@@@Z)

任何想法？

推荐答案

分辨率：

所以我得到你的回应：

Resolution:

So I got your reponse:

使用你的定义ASSISTANCE：（因为你现在发送的类型不是const

Using Your define ASSISTANCE : (as you gess the type you now send isn't const

#define ASINSTANCE(x, type, y, eater)                                   \
  const type * y = dynamic_cast<const type *>(&(x));                    \
  FruitEater<type>* eater = dynamic_cast<FruitEater< type >*>(this);    \
  if (y && eater)

在你的fruitEater类：它让你的multieater接受吃方法

In your fruitEater class: (it let your multieater acccess to the eat methode

template<typename FruitType>
class FruitEater {

 protected:
  template<typename... Fruit> friend class MultiFruitEater;
  virtual void eat(const FruitType & t) = 0;

};

如何使用您的新ASSISTANCE define：

How to use your new ASSISTANCE define:

  ASINSTANCE(fruit, First, pCastFruit, eater) {
    eater->eat(*pCastFruit);
    return true;
  }

说明:(不够准确）

我认为这个问题（ this-> FruitEater< First> :: eat（* pCastFruit）; ），是强制编译器使用FruitEater： ：eat（）methode，wich是一个虚拟的void ...

Explanation: (not as precise as i would want)

I think the problem by doing this (this->FruitEater<First>::eat(*pCastFruit);), is you force the compiler to use the FruitEater::eat() methode, wich is a virtual void...

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