错误1错误LNK1104：无法打开文件'winmm.lib' [英] Error 1 error LNK1104: cannot open file 'winmm.lib'
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问题描述
好的，所以我运行Visual Basic 2010 Express，我试图在Direct X SDK中运行教程＃2;然而，程序不会编译为某种原因，虽然在我现在阅读的教程，它说，我只需要Direct X SDK和Visual Basic 2010 Express。我打开Tutorial02_2010.sln，并试图编译它。下面是主文件的代码：
Ok, so I am running Visual Basic 2010 Express and I tried to run Tutorial # 2 in the Direct X SDK; however, the program won't compile for some reason, although in the tutorial I am reading now it said that I only needed the Direct X SDK and Visual Basic 2010 Express. I opened Tutorial02_2010.sln, and tried to compile it. Here's the code of the main file:
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// File: Tutorial02.cpp
//
// This application displays a triangle using Direct3D 10
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d10.h>
#include <d3dx10.h>
#include "resource.h"
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Structures
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct SimpleVertex
{
D3DXVECTOR3 Pos;
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Global Variables
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
HWND g_hWnd = NULL;
D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE g_driverType = D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL;
ID3D10Device* g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
IDXGISwapChain* g_pSwapChain = NULL;
ID3D10RenderTargetView* g_pRenderTargetView = NULL;
ID3D10Effect* g_pEffect = NULL;
ID3D10EffectTechnique* g_pTechnique = NULL;
ID3D10InputLayout* g_pVertexLayout = NULL;
ID3D10Buffer* g_pVertexBuffer = NULL;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Forward declarations
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitWindow( HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow );
HRESULT InitDevice();
void CleanupDevice();
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM );
void Render();
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Entry point to the program. Initializes everything and goes into a message processing
// loop. Idle time is used to render the scene.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI wWinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPWSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow )
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( hPrevInstance );
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( lpCmdLine );
if( FAILED( InitWindow( hInstance, nCmdShow ) ) )
return 0;
if( FAILED( InitDevice() ) )
{
CleanupDevice();
return 0;
}
// Main message loop
MSG msg = {0};
while( WM_QUIT != msg.message )
{
if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
else
{
Render();
}
}
CleanupDevice();
return ( int )msg.wParam;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Register class and create window
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitWindow( HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow )
{
// Register class
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
wcex.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX );
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon( hInstance, ( LPCTSTR )IDI_TUTORIAL1 );
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW );
wcex.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 );
wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wcex.lpszClassName = L"TutorialWindowClass";
wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon( wcex.hInstance, ( LPCTSTR )IDI_TUTORIAL1 );
if( !RegisterClassEx( &wcex ) )
return E_FAIL;
// Create window
g_hInst = hInstance;
RECT rc = { 0, 0, 640, 480 };
AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE );
g_hWnd = CreateWindow( L"TutorialWindowClass", L"Direct3D 10 Tutorial 2: Rendering a Triangle",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top, NULL, NULL, hInstance,
NULL );
if( !g_hWnd )
return E_FAIL;
ShowWindow( g_hWnd, nCmdShow );
return S_OK;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create Direct3D device and swap chain
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitDevice()
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
RECT rc;
GetClientRect( g_hWnd, &rc );
UINT width = rc.right - rc.left;
UINT height = rc.bottom - rc.top;
UINT createDeviceFlags = 0;
#ifdef _DEBUG
createDeviceFlags |= D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#endif
D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE driverTypes[] =
{
D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE,
};
UINT numDriverTypes = sizeof( driverTypes ) / sizeof( driverTypes[0] );
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
ZeroMemory( &sd, sizeof( sd ) );
sd.BufferCount = 1;
sd.BufferDesc.Width = width;
sd.BufferDesc.Height = height;
sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
sd.OutputWindow = g_hWnd;
sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
sd.Windowed = TRUE;
for( UINT driverTypeIndex = 0; driverTypeIndex < numDriverTypes; driverTypeIndex++ )
{
g_driverType = driverTypes[driverTypeIndex];
hr = D3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain( NULL, g_driverType, NULL, createDeviceFlags,
D3D10_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_pSwapChain, &g_pd3dDevice );
if( SUCCEEDED( hr ) )
break;
}
if( FAILED( hr ) )
return hr;
// Create a render target view
ID3D10Texture2D* pBuffer;
hr = g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D10Texture2D ), ( LPVOID* )&pBuffer );
if( FAILED( hr ) )
return hr;
hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView( pBuffer, NULL, &g_pRenderTargetView );
pBuffer->Release();
if( FAILED( hr ) )
return hr;
g_pd3dDevice->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &g_pRenderTargetView, NULL );
// Setup the viewport
D3D10_VIEWPORT vp;
vp.Width = width;
vp.Height = height;
vp.MinDepth = 0.0f;
vp.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
vp.TopLeftX = 0;
vp.TopLeftY = 0;
g_pd3dDevice->RSSetViewports( 1, &vp );
// Create the effect
DWORD dwShaderFlags = D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS;
#if defined( DEBUG ) || defined( _DEBUG )
// Set the D3D10_SHADER_DEBUG flag to embed debug information in the shaders.
// Setting this flag improves the shader debugging experience, but still allows
// the shaders to be optimized and to run exactly the way they will run in
// the release configuration of this program.
dwShaderFlags |= D3D10_SHADER_DEBUG;
#endif
hr = D3DX10CreateEffectFromFile( L"Tutorial02.fx", NULL, NULL, "fx_4_0", dwShaderFlags, 0,
g_pd3dDevice, NULL, NULL, &g_pEffect, NULL, NULL );
if( FAILED( hr ) )
{
MessageBox( NULL,
L"The FX file cannot be located. Please run this executable from the directory that contains the FX file.", L"Error", MB_OK );
return hr;
}
// Obtain the technique
g_pTechnique = g_pEffect->GetTechniqueByName( "Render" );
// Define the input layout
D3D10_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] =
{
{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
};
UINT numElements = sizeof( layout ) / sizeof( layout[0] );
// Create the input layout
D3D10_PASS_DESC PassDesc;
g_pTechnique->GetPassByIndex( 0 )->GetDesc( &PassDesc );
hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateInputLayout( layout, numElements, PassDesc.pIAInputSignature,
PassDesc.IAInputSignatureSize, &g_pVertexLayout );
if( FAILED( hr ) )
return hr;
// Set the input layout
g_pd3dDevice->IASetInputLayout( g_pVertexLayout );
// Create vertex buffer
SimpleVertex vertices[] =
{
D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f ),
D3DXVECTOR3( 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f ),
D3DXVECTOR3( -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f ),
};
D3D10_BUFFER_DESC bd;
bd.Usage = D3D10_USAGE_DEFAULT;
bd.ByteWidth = sizeof( SimpleVertex ) * 3;
bd.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
bd.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D10_SUBRESOURCE_DATA InitData;
InitData.pSysMem = vertices;
hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer( &bd, &InitData, &g_pVertexBuffer );
if( FAILED( hr ) )
return hr;
// Set vertex buffer
UINT stride = sizeof( SimpleVertex );
UINT offset = 0;
g_pd3dDevice->IASetVertexBuffers( 0, 1, &g_pVertexBuffer, &stride, &offset );
// Set primitive topology
g_pd3dDevice->IASetPrimitiveTopology( D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST );
return S_OK;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Clean up the objects we've created
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CleanupDevice()
{
if( g_pd3dDevice ) g_pd3dDevice->ClearState();
if( g_pVertexBuffer ) g_pVertexBuffer->Release();
if( g_pVertexLayout ) g_pVertexLayout->Release();
if( g_pEffect ) g_pEffect->Release();
if( g_pRenderTargetView ) g_pRenderTargetView->Release();
if( g_pSwapChain ) g_pSwapChain->Release();
if( g_pd3dDevice ) g_pd3dDevice->Release();
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Called every time the application receives a message
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
switch( message )
{
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint( hWnd, &ps );
EndPaint( hWnd, &ps );
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, message, wParam, lParam );
}
return 0;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render a frame
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Render()
{
// Clear the back buffer
float ClearColor[4] = { 0.0f, 0.125f, 0.3f, 1.0f }; // red,green,blue,alpha
g_pd3dDevice->ClearRenderTargetView( g_pRenderTargetView, ClearColor );
// Render a triangle
D3D10_TECHNIQUE_DESC techDesc;
g_pTechnique->GetDesc( &techDesc );
for( UINT p = 0; p < techDesc.Passes; ++p )
{
g_pTechnique->GetPassByIndex( p )->Apply( 0 );
g_pd3dDevice->Draw( 3, 0 );
}
// Present the information rendered to the back buffer to the front buffer (the screen)
g_pSwapChain->Present( 0, 0 );
}
我需要安装其他任何东西，例如图书馆或其他只需要遵循我为Direct x lib文件所采取的相同步骤？
Do I need to install anything else, like a library or something and do I just need to follow the same steps I had to take for the Direct x lib files?
http://www.rastertek.com/dx11tut01.html
推荐答案
- 安装Visual Studio Express C ++。
- 安装Windows 7的Windows SDK。
- 复制+粘贴代码，将项目属性指向windows sdk，以及直接X sdk。这包括include文件夹和lib文件夹。如果你不知道该怎么做，请查看msdn.com上的我如何做视频for visual studio 2010.
- 编译。
- Install visual studio Express C++.
- Install the Windows SDK for windows 7.
- After recreating a new project for that copy+pasted code, point the project properties to the windows sdk, as well as the direct X sdk. This includes both include folders, and lib folders. If you don't know how to do that, Go check out the "how do i" videos on msdn.com for visual studio 2010.
- Compile.
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