理解Capybara中的native和send_keys [英] Understanding native and send_keys in Capybara

问题描述

我想了解以下Capybara语法的含义。 native 是什么？什么是 send_keys 用于？此外，我想了解这个特定块的作用。

I am trying to understand the meaning of the following Capybara syntax. What exactly does native do? What is send_keys used for? Also, I would like to understand what this particular block does.

within('#step-3') do
 recipe_name = first(:xpath, '//*[@id="recipe-name"]').native
 recipe_name.clear
 recipe_name.send_keys('Email recipe')
end

推荐答案

Capybara使用驱动程序控制浏览器或浏览器模拟器（Rack :: Test，Poltergeist，Selenium等）。每个驱动程序必须实现Capybara定义的API。该API包括Element类及其 .native 方法。 .native 返回驱动程序在内部用于表示DOM元素的对象。 Capybara本身没有任何用于该对象，但一些驱动程序的该对象的实现具有驱动程序特定的方法，可用于测试。

Capybara uses a driver to control a browser or browser simulator (Rack::Test, Poltergeist, Selenium, etc.). Each driver must implement the API that Capybara defines. That API includes the Element class and its .native method. .native returns the object that the driver uses internally to represent a DOM element. Capybara itself doesn't have any use for that object, but some drivers' implementations of that object have driver-specific methods that can be useful in tests.

.clear 和 .send_keys 是CSS选择器的DOM元素的驱动程序特定方法， ＃recipe-name 。推测它是用户键入的元素。我们可以猜测 .clear 是什么。 .send_keys 告诉元素用户已按顺序按下给定字符串中的每个键。

.clear and .send_keys are, then, driver-specific methods on the DOM element whose CSS selector is #recipe-name. Presumably it is an element that the user types into. We can probably guess what .clear does. .send_keys tells the element that the user has pressed each of the keys in the given string in order.

使用 .send_keys 而不是仅仅使用 fill_in'＃recipe-name'with：'电子邮件配方'一些浏览器行为，例如Javascript事件，只发生在用户按下一个键。显然， fill_in 以不让浏览器认为任何键被按下的方式将文本放入元素。所以如果你测试一些关于按键事件的事情，你需要使用 .send_keys 。

The point of using .send_keys rather than just doing fill_in '#recipe-name' with: 'Email recipe' is that some browser behavior, such as Javascript events, only happens when the user presses a key. Apparently fill_in puts text into the element in a way that doesn't make the browser think that any keys have been pressed. So if you're testing something that cares about keypress events, you need to use .send_keys.

在我对关于测试jQuery自动填充的问题的回答中使用 .send_keys 的示例栏位。

I gave an example of using .send_keys in my answer to a question about testing a jQuery autocomplete field.

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