从开发人员的角度来看Linux文件夹的结构 [英] Linux folders structure from developer perspective

问题描述

我对Linux文件系统还很陌生，所以请您能帮我吗?我必须使用Ubuntu编写一个示例C ++项目(测试).
您能从开发人员的角度来说明一下文件/文件夹结构吗?以下是一些我想回答的问题:

I'm rather new to Linux filesystems, so could you help me, please? I have to write a sample C++ project (tests) using Ubuntu.
Could you clarify me with a file/folder structure from a developer's perspective? Here are some questions I would like answered:

• 项目的典型位置在哪里(源，目标文件等)?
• 开发环境(Eclipse，QT Creator等)的典型位置在哪里?
• 图书馆的典型位置在哪里?二进制文件和仅标头的库有不同的地方吗?
• 各种开发工具(代码分析器，git客户端等)的典型位置在哪里?

答案和链接将不胜感激.谢谢你.

Answers and links would be appreciated. Thank you.

推荐答案

项目的典型位置在哪里(源，目标文件等)?

Where is typical location of the projects (sources, object files, etc.)?

我将项目存储在$HOME/dev中，但完全取决于您.

I store my projects in $HOME/dev but its entirely up to you.

开发环境(Eclipse，QT Creator等)的典型位置在哪里?

Where is a typical place for dev environment (Eclipse, QT Creator, etc.)?

我使用eclipse并将其工作空间指向$HOME/dev.

I use eclipse and set its workspace pointing to $HOME/dev.

图书馆的典型存放地点在哪里?二进制文件和仅标头的库有不同的地方吗?

Where is a typical place for the libraries? Are there different places for binaries and for header-only libraries?

通常将库安装到/usr/lib，将标头安装到/usr/include.

Typically libraries are installed to /usr/lib and headers are installed to /usr/include.

各种开发工具(代码分析器，git客户端等)的典型位置在哪里?

Where is a typical place for a various tools for the development (code analyser, git client, etc.)?

通常将它们安装到/usr/bin中.我还把工具放在了$HOME/bin中，特别是如果我制作了它们.

Typically these are installed into /usr/bin. I also put tools in $HOME/bin, especially if I made them.

但是它比这更复杂.如果您要使用与Linux发行版不同的库版本来开发/测试应用程序，该怎么办?有时，我会在$HOME/dev文件夹中安装不同的库版本，并针对这些库而不是系统版本进行编译.

But its more complicated than that. What if you want to develop/test an application with a version of a library that is different to the one that comes with your Linux distribution? Sometimes I will install different library versions in my $HOME/dev folder and compile against those rather than the system version.

我也运行GCC 4.9.2附带的Fedora 21，但是我已经将GCC 5.1.0安装到/opt/gcc-5.1.0中，并用于某些用途.

Also I run Fedora 21 that comes with GCC 4.9.2, however I have installed GCC 5.1.0 into /opt/gcc-5.1.0 and use that for some things.

对我来说，典型的项目结构如下:

A typical project structure for me would be something like:

$HOME/
     /dev/
         /my-prog/
                 /src/
                     /include/
                             /my-prog.h
                     /my-prog.cpp
                 /build-debug/
                             /src/
                                  /my-prog
                 /build-release/
                               /src/
                                   /my-prog
                 /Makefile

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