NFC标准(NFC论坛，ISO/IEC，ECMA [英] NFC standards (NFC Forum, ISO/IEC, ECMA

问题描述

经常有人问我有关NFC的标准.我在下面的文章中总结了我的知识.我希望它可以回答这些问题.请随时发表评论和回复来纠正它-我将其包含在我的文本中.

I am often being asked about standards, the NFC is based on. I summarized my knowledge in the text below. I hope it can be an answer to such questions. Please feel free to correct it by posting comments and replies - I will include it into my text.

由于NFC基于RFID，因此通常被视为RFID扩展，其形式或子集.这是正确的，因为NFC中采用了许多RFID现有标准.物理层的NFC基本标准是 NFCIP-1 (ISO 18092或ECMA 340)-它标准化了两个NFC设备之间的通信. NFCIP-1中使用的RF层直接继承自较旧的ISO标准ISO 14443(接近式非接触式卡)，更具体地说是该标准中定义的A型协议，并且还继承自日本JIS 6319-4(Sony FeliCa也是基于该标准)由NFC论坛3型标签标准使用).其结果是NFC设备(读取器/写入器模式)与ISO 14443智能卡兼容.

Since NFC is based on RFID, it is often seen as RFID extension, its form or subset. It is correct because many existing standards from RFID were adopted in the NFC. The NFC base standard for physical layer is NFCIP-1 (ISO 18092 or ECMA 340) - it standardizes communication between two NFC devices. The RF layer use in the NFCIP-1 is directly inherited from older ISO standards ISO 14443 (proximity contactless cards) more specifically the Type A protocol defined in that standard, and on Japanese JIS 6319-4 (on which Sony FeliCa is based, also used by the NFC Forum Type 3 Tag standard). The consequence of that is that NFC devices (reader/writer mode) is compatible with ISO 14443 smart cards.

NFCIP-1重新定义了活动模式.在这种模式下，两个正在通信的NFC设备都必须具有自己的电源来生成RF场(即两个移动设备或移动设备和NFC阅读器)，并且两者都可以是通信的发起者.

NFCIP-1 defines newly the active mode. In this mode in which both communicating NFC devices must have own source of power for generating RF fields (i.e. two mobile devices or mobile device and NFC reader) and both can be initiators of the communication.

第二个主要标准是 NFCIP-2 (ISO 21481或ECMA 352)，该标准定义了以相同的13.56Mhz频率运行的不同非接触技术之间的选择机制.它旨在用于支持根据ISO 18092，ISO 14443进行通信的移动设备，但它们也兼容其他非接触式标准，例如ISO 15693.

The 2nd major standard is NFCIP-2 (ISO 21481 or ECMA 352), which defines selection mechanism between different contactless technologies that operates on the same frequency 13.56Mhz. It is intended to be used by mobile devices that support communication according to ISO 18092, ISO 14443, but they be also compatible other contactless standards like ISO 15693.

除了NFC论坛还发布了其他几个标准，例如 NDEF (数据格式) RTD (用于各种目的的记录类型)以及针对 NFC切换，尤其是将NFC用于蓝牙配对. Wi-Fi联盟引入NFC作为配置家庭网络的四种方法之一.

In addition to that NFC Forum released also couple of other standards like NDEF (data format) RTD (record types for various purposes), and recommendations for NFC Handover and in particular use of the NFC for Bluetooth pairing. The Wi-Fi Alliance introduced NFC as the one of four ways to configure home networks.

NFC论坛还定义了在对等通信的NFCIP-1顶部使用的 LLCP 协议. LLCP顶部的对等通信中使用的另一种协议是 SNEP (简单NDEF交换协议)，它允许类似于标签操作规范的NDEF消息交换.

NFC forum also defined LLCP protocol used on the top of NFCIP-1 in peer-to-peer communication. Another protocol used in peer-to-peer communication on the top of the LLCP is SNEP (Simple NDEF Exchange protocol), which allows the exchange of NDEF messages analogous to tag operation specifications.

NFC设备还可以在卡仿真模式下工作，这使它们可以假装它们是无源非接触式智能卡.这可能是最重要的模式，因为它允许手机充当非接触式支付卡. NFC控制器与在卡仿真模式下使用的安全元素(用于存储安全应用程序和敏感数据的元素)互连的标准有- SWP (尚不标准，请参阅ETSI TS 102 613V. 9.1.0)和 NFC-WI (ECMA-373).

NFC devices can in addition work in card emulation mode, which allows them to pretend they are passive contactless smart cards. This might be the most important mode, since it allows the mobile phones act as contactless payment cards. There are couple of standards for interconnection of NFC controller with secure element (element used for storing secure applications and sensitive data) used in card emulation mode - SWP (Not standard yet - see ETSI TS 102 613 V.9.1.0) and NFC-WI (ECMA-373).

我不是100％肯定上述文字的正确性，所以我的问题是-是否正确?您有什么要补充的吗?

I am not 100% sure about above text correctness, so my question is - is it correct or not? Is there anything you would add?

BR STeN

添加了NFC家伙的评论

推荐答案

我不确定您的问题是否属于SO，因为它们与编程无关. Stil，我有一些评论和补充内容.

I am not sure your questions belong on SO, as they are not related to programming. Stil, I have some comments and additions.

NFC-IP1基于ISO 14443(更具体地说是该标准中定义的A型协议)和JIS 6319-4(Sony FeliCa也是基于该标准，NFC论坛Type 3 Tag标准也使用该标准). NFC-IP1完全不基于ISO 15693.

NFC-IP1 is based on ISO 14443, more specifically the Type A protocol defined in that standard, and on JIS 6319-4 (on which Sony FeliCa is based, also used by the NFC Forum Type 3 Tag standard). NFC-IP1 is not based in any way on ISO 15693.

我认为支持NFC-IP2的设备不必被视为支持NFC的设备.而且，LLCP不需要活动模式.

I don't think it is necessary for a device to support NFC-IP2 to be considered an NFC-enabled device. Also, LLCP does not require active mode.

在谈论NFC标准时，我还要提到SNEP(简单NDEF交换协议)，它使用LLCP交换NDEF消息.除了蓝牙切换之外，WiFi联盟还对NFC连接切换进行了WiFi标准化.

When talking about NFC standards, I would also mention SNEP (Simple NDEF Exchange Protocol), which uses LLCP to exchange NDEF messages. Next to Bluetooth handover, NFC Connection Handover has also been standardized for WiFi by the WiFi Alliance.

将安全元件连接到NFC控制器:该协议称为SWP(不是SWI).此协议通常用于将SIM卡作为安全元素连接到NFC控制器.

Connecting a secure element to an NFC controller: the protocol is called SWP (not SWI). This protocol is typically used to connect a SIM card as a secure element to the NFC controller.

您可能会发现值得一提的另一个标准是ISO 7816-4，这是NFC论坛4类标签标准所使用的.

Another standard you may find worth mentioning is ISO 7816-4, as that is used by the NFC Forum Type 4 Tag standard.

这篇关于NFC标准(NFC论坛，ISO/IEC，ECMA的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！