ISO/IEC网站以及C和C ++标准的收费 [英] ISO/IEC Website and Charging for C and C++ Standards
问题描述
ISO C标准(ISO/IEC 9899)和ISO C ++标准(ISO/IEC 14882)未在线发布；相反，必须为每个标准购买PDF.我想知道这背后的原因是什么...不能免费在线免费提供和搜索这些语言的权威性规范，这是否对C和C ++编程语言都有害?这是否不鼓励使用可能不准确的，非权威性的来源来获取有关这些语言的信息?
尽管我了解开发C和C ++标准已经花费了很多时间和精力，但是对于为该规范收费的选择仍然让我有些困惑.例如， OpenGroup基本规范可免费在线获得；他们通过收取认证费用来赚钱.有谁知道为什么ISO标准委员会不通过证明标准合规而不是收取这些文件的费用来赚钱?另外，有人知道ISO标准委员会的看似残酷的网站是故意制作的吗?那样看?好像他们不希望人们访问和购买该规范.
最后一件事... C和C ++标准通常被描述为开放标准" ...虽然我意识到这意味着任何人都可以实施该标准，但是否应该修改开放"的定义?对该标准收费而不是使其公开可用似乎违反了开放精神.
P.S.我确实有ISO/IEC 9899:1999和ISO/IEC 14882:2003的副本，所以请不要评论便宜或其他任何东西……尽管如果您想说这样的话，您可能要考虑可能没有那么多额外现金的学校，本科生和研究生.另外，您可能要考虑一个事实，即ISO网站真的很粗略，他们甚至没有告诉您费用，直到您进行结帐为止……并没有真正鼓励人们去获得一份副本，现在它吗?
编辑/评论
在我看来，如果ISO标准委员会要从认证中获得收益，那么它将鼓励对标准进行更小但更频繁的更改，而不是非常不频繁地进行较大的修订.这也将激励创建可实施的标准(我怀疑ISO C ++委员会如果首先从认证中获得收入，便会首先引入出口").
我找到了一种解决方案，避免了在线没有PDF的烦恼....我已将标准副本上传到我的Google文档中，因此我仍然可以从任何计算机上访问它而无需随身携带
Herb Sutter撰写了一篇涉及此问题的文章，并在评论中进行了很多讨论:
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- 学生可能想要(甚至需要访问)的许多参考文献都是免费的
- 对于大多数工作来说，标准不是必须的-有大量可免费获得的文档，足以满足几乎任何人都想使用C或C ++进行的大部分工作 在许多情况下，文件草案可免费下载；虽然它们不是 the 标准，但最终草案版本非常接近，可能足以满足许多用途.
- many references that students may want (or even be required to access) are not free
- for most work, the standards simply aren't a requirement - there is plenty of freely available documentation that is more than adequate for much of the work that almost anyone might want to do with C or C++
- the draft documents are freely downloadable in many cases; while they aren't the standard, the final draft versions are very close and might be good enough for a lot of uses.
如果您对C或C ++编程很认真，我建议您应该拥有标准的副本(尽管我不会说这是必需的).我还建议不要期望它们是免费的，就像对于任何职业或副业一样，交易工具"通常也不是免费的-无论这些工具是诸如锤子之类的物理对象，还是信息.例如手册或规格.
事实上，我认为如果只有一个或另一个或您刚开始，则最好使用一组良好的参考标准，而不是一组标准(您可能希望有一些不同的参考标准). C ++，而Harbison& Steele是C所需的全部.)
别误会我-我不反对免费提供它们(我很高兴他们现在很便宜)，但是我认为没有任何理由期望它们免费
SO问题的答案， 在哪里可以找到当前的C或C ++标准文档?" ，其中包含指向廉价版本和免费草稿版本的指针.还请注意，可以免费下载当前的C99标准(包含TC1和TC2):
需要注意的是，N1124是"WG14工作文件，但反映了发布时的合并标准".
The ISO C Standard (ISO/IEC 9899) and the ISO C++ Standard (ISO/IEC 14882) are not published online; instead, one must purchase the PDF for each of those standards. I am wondering what the rationale is behind this... is it not detrimental to both the C and C++ programming languages that the authoritative specification for these languages is not made freely available and searchable online? Doesn't this encourage the use of possibly inaccurate, non-authoritative sources for information regarding these languages?
While I understand that much time and effort has gone into developing the C and C++ standards, I am still somewhat puzzled by the choice to charge for the specification. The OpenGroup Base Specification, for example, is available for free online; they make money by charging for certification. Does anyone know why the ISO standards committees don't make their revenue in certifying standards compliance, instead of charging for these documents? Also, does anyone know if the ISO standards committee's atrociously looking website is intentionally made to look that way? It's as if they don't want people visiting and buying the spec.
One last thing... the C and C++ standards are generally described as "open standards"... while I realize that this means that anyone is permitted to implement the standard, should that definition of "open" be revised? Charging for the standard rather than making it openly available seems contrary to the spirit of openness.
P.S. I do have a copy of the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 and ISO/IEC 14882:2003, so please no remarks about being cheap or anything... although if you are tempted to say such things, you might want to consider the high school, undergraduate, and graduate students who might not have all that much extra cash. Also, you might want to consider the fact that the ISO website is really sketchy and they don't even tell you the cost until you proceed to the checkout... doesn't really encourage one to go and get a copy, now does it?
Edit / Comment
It occurs to me that if the ISO standards committees were to make their revenues from certification that it would incentivize smaller but more frequent changes to the standard rather than very large revisions very infrequently. It would also incentivize creating an implementable standard (I doubt the ISO C++ committee would have introduced "export" in the first place if they got their revenues from certification).
I have found a solution to one of the annoyances of not having the PDF online.... I have uploaded my copy of the standards into my Google Docs, so that I can still access it from any computer without carrying it around.
For what it's worth, Herb Sutter wrote an article touching on this issue, and there's a fair bit of discussion in the comments:
As he mentions, "open" does not necessarily mean "no-cost". As far as students or others with limited financial means who might want free versions of thee documents, note that:
If you're serious about C or C++ programming, I'd suggest that you should have a copy of the standards (though I wouldn't say it's a requirement). I'd also suggest that there shouldn't be an expectation that they'd be free, just as for any occupation or avocation the 'tools of the trade' are generally not free - whether those tools are physical objects like hammers, or information such as manuals or specifications.
In fact, I'd argue that a good set of references would be preferable to a set of the standards, if you could only have one or the other or you're starting out (you'd probably want a couple different ones for C++, while Harbison & Steele is all that's needed for C).
Don't get me wrong - I'm not opposed to them being made freely available (and I'm happy that they're currently rather inexpensive), but I don't think there's any reason to expect them to free.
The answers to the SO question, "Where do I find the current C or C++ standard documents?", have pointers to cheap versions and free draft versions. Also note that the current C99 standard (with TC1 and TC2 incorporated) is available for free download:
There's a note that N1124 "is a WG14 working paper, but it reflects the consolidated standard at the time of issue".
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