配置Visual Studio以与Boost.Python和Python 3配合使用 [英] Configuring Visual Studio to work with Boost.Python and Python 3

问题描述

我在装有Windows 10 Pro的PC上安装了Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2013(版本12.0.31101.00更新4)和Python 3.6.1(v3.6.1:69c0db5,2017年3月21日).

I had Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2013 (Version 12.0.31101.00 Update 4) and Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017) on my PC with Windows 10 Pro.

为了尝试使用Boost.Python的示例，我下载了boost 1.64.0并通过b2使用选项--with-python --toolset=msvc --build-type=complete构建库.结果，我得到了以下文件:

In order to try examples with Boost.Python I downloaded boost 1.64.0 and build libraries by b2 with options --with-python --toolset=msvc --build-type=complete. As a result I have the following files:

• boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.dll
• boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib
• boost_python3-vc120-mt-gd-1_64.dll
• boost_python3-vc120-mt-gd-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-mt-gd-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-mt-s-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-mt-sgd-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-s-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-sgd-1_64.lib

• boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.dll
• boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib
• boost_python3-vc120-mt-gd-1_64.dll
• boost_python3-vc120-mt-gd-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-mt-gd-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-mt-s-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-mt-sgd-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-s-1_64.lib
• libboost_python3-vc120-sgd-1_64.lib

然后我在Visual Studio中创建了项目(类型:Win32/DLL)，并采用了以下代码

Then I created project (type: Win32 / DLL) in Visual Studio with the following code taken here:

char const* greet()
{
    return "hello, world";
}

#include <boost/python.hpp>

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(hello)
{
    using namespace boost::python;
    def("greet", greet);
}

在C/C ++设置的项目属性中，我在Boost和Python的位置(以\ Python36 \ include结尾)中添加了其他包含目录".

In project properties for C/C++ settings I added "Additional Include Directories" to locations of Boost and Python (ends with \Python36\include).

在首次尝试构建项目期间，出现错误:

During the first attempt to build the project an error appears:

错误1错误LNK1104:无法打开文件'python36.lib'

Error 1 error LNK1104: cannot open file 'python36.lib'

因此，在链接器设置其他库目录"的项目属性中，我添加了相应的位置(以\ Python \ Python36 \ libs结尾).之后，我可以继续...进入下一个错误:

So in project properties for Linker settings "Additional Library Directories" I added corresponding location (ends with \Python\Python36\libs). After that I could move on ... to the next error:

错误1错误LNK1104:无法打开文件'boost_python-vc120-mt-gd-1_64.lib'

Error 1 error LNK1104: cannot open file 'boost_python-vc120-mt-gd-1_64.lib'

值得注意的是，我所拥有的文件名与VS2013所查找的文件名的区别只是单词python之后的数字3.

It is noteworthy that the difference in filenames I had and VS2013 looking for is just digit 3 after word python.

在 google组进行了讨论，但没有有价值的提示.唯一有用的信息是库文件名*boost_python-*对应于Python 2，而*boost_python3-*对应于Python 3.

Similar questions at stackoverflow and in google groups are discussed but without valuable tips. The only useful information is that library file names *boost_python-* corresponds to Python 2 and *boost_python3-* to Python 3.

我注意到将构建类型(解决方案配置)从调试"更改为发布"会导致部分库文件名中更改错误消息(现在没有-gd-):

I noticed that changing the build type (Solution Configuration) from Debug to Release leads to change the error message in part of library file name (there is no -gd- now):

错误1错误LNK1104:无法打开文件'boost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib'

Error 1 error LNK1104: cannot open file 'boost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib'

我想，VS2013知道boost库文件名约定，但可能不知道关于Python 2和Python 3的区别.

I suppose, VS2013 knows boost library file name convention, but probably does not know the difference about Python 2 and Python 3.

所以，我有3个问题:

1. 是否有可能影响VS用于查找Boost.Python库的逻辑? (当然，也可以重命名lib-files，但是出于某些原因，我不喜欢这样)
2. 链接器选项是否允许直接指定lib-file? (即，我可以写入boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib的完整路径，包括文件名，而不仅仅是其他库目录"部分中的文件夹名)
3. 项目属性中的哪个选项应使VS2013使用不同的LIB或DLL文件，例如是libboost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib还是boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.dll而不是boost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib?

1. Is it possible to influence the logic used by VS to look for Boost.Python library? (Of course lib-files renaming is also an option, but I do not like this for some reason)
2. Do the linker options allow specifying lib-file directly? (i.e. I can write whole path to the boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib including file name, not just folder name in section "Additional Library Directories")
3. What option in the project properties should make VS2013 to use different LIB or DLL files, e.g. libboost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib or boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.dll instead of boost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib?

推荐答案

在社区的帮助下，我找到了一些问题的答案.

With the community help I have found answers to couple of the questions.

1. 是否有可能影响VS用于查找Boost.Python库的逻辑?

库的名称取决于在文件boost/python/detail/config.hpp中定义为宏BOOST_LIB_NAME的值. 我已尝试更改线路(boost 1.64.0中为108)

Name of library depends on value defined as macro BOOST_LIB_NAME in file boost/python/detail/config.hpp. I have tried to change line (108 in boost 1.64.0)

#define BOOST_LIB_NAME boost_python

到

#define BOOST_LIB_NAME boost_python3

所需的库文件从boost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib更改为boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib.

And desirable library file changed from boost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib to boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib.

应该注意的是，可以在重新定义BOOST_LIB_NAME的情况下创建并使用config.hpp文件auto_link.hpp中的值，而不用更改它们.

It should be noted, that instead of changing values in config.hpp file auto_link.hpp can be created and used with redefinition of BOOST_LIB_NAME.

1. 项目属性中的哪个选项应使VS2013使用不同的LIB或DLL文件，例如是libboost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib还是boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.dll而不是boost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib?

1. What option in the project properties should make VS2013 to use different LIB or DLL files, e.g. libboost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib or boost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.dll instead of boost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib?

这也受到定义的约束.

特别是，将代码添加到我的代码的开头(在#include <boost/python.hpp>之前)

In particular, adding to the beginning of my code (before #include <boost/python.hpp>) the line

#define BOOST_PYTHON_STATIC_LIB

强制MSVS搜索文件libboost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib(或libboost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib)，即静态库. 反之亦然

forces MSVS to search file libboost_python3-vc120-mt-1_64.lib (or libboost_python-vc120-mt-1_64.lib), i.e. static lib. And vice versa line

#define BOOST_PYTHON_DYNAMIC_LIB

或

#define BOOST_ALL_DYN_LINK

可用于从dll导入代码.

can be used to import code from a dll.

这篇关于配置Visual Studio以与Boost.Python和Python 3配合使用的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！