如何删除某个目录中文件名的最后n个字符(在Mac终端中)-UNIX? [英] How can I remove the last n characters of filenames in a certain directory (in Mac terminal)- unix?
问题描述
我正在尝试使用"mv"进行重命名，因为重命名"命令在我的Mac终端中不起作用.
I am trying to rename using "mv", because "rename" command doesn't work in my Mac terminal.
我有一堆名为
DTM001_ACGGT-TTAGGC.fq
DTM156_GGTTG-ACAGTG.fq
...等
我希望将其重命名为
DTM001.fq
DTM156.fq
我想更简单的方法是删除文件扩展名前的最后13个字符?
I suppose the easier way is to remove the last 13 characters before the file extension?
我尝试了以下链接:
但没有一个对我有用，可能是因为我不完全了解如何为我的特定情况处理答案，或者某些答案使用了我无法访问的重命名"命令.
but none have worked for me, perhaps because I do not fully understand how to manipulate the answers for my specific case or some answers use "rename" command which I cannot access.
推荐答案
macOS Terminal只是与称为shell的交互式程序的接口.默认外壳程序名称为 bash .
The macOS Terminal is simply an interface to an interactive program called a shell. The default shell's name is bash.
您要查找的东西称为shell脚本或bash脚本，用于重命名文件.
What you are looking for is known as a shell script, or a bash script, to rename files.
您引用的问题有答案.重申:
The questions you referenced have the answer. To reiterate:
cd directory_with_the_files
for file in *.fq; do
mv -vn "${file}" "${file%_*}.fq"
done
您可以在命令行中全部输入，或将其放入文件中并执行以下操作:
You can type this all in at the command line, or place it into a file and execute it with:
bash file_containing_the_commands
这将遍历当前目录中的所有 .fq 文件，并将它们重命名为您想要的文件. mv 的 -v 选项只是意味着在重命名发生时打印重命名(知道它正在做某事很有用)，以及 -n 标志意味着不要意外覆盖任何文件(以防您输入错误或遇到重复的数字).
This will go through all .fq files in the current directory, renaming them to what you want. The -v option to mv simply means to print the rename as it happens (useful to know that it's doing something), and the -n flag means don't accidentally overwrite any files (in case you type something in wrong or come across duplicate numbers).
所有的魔术都在 $ {file％_ *}.fq 中发生，其中显示删除第一个 _ 之后的所有内容，然后再添加 .fq ."这称为外壳参数扩展"，您可以在 Bash参考手册.它的措辞有些令人费解，但这是此特定用例的相关内容:
All the magic is happening in the ${file%_*}.fq, which says
"remove everything after the first _ and add the .fq back". This is known as a "shell parameter expansion," which you can read more about in the Bash Reference Manual. It's somewhat obtusely worded, but here is the relevant bit to this particular use case:
$ {参数％单词}
单词被扩展以产生一个模式与文件名扩展一样.如果模式匹配 parameter 的扩展值的尾部，然后是结果扩展的是匹配最短的 parameter 的值模式(以％"为例)已删除.
The word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of parameter, then the result of the expansion is the value of parameter with the shortest matching pattern (the '%' case) deleted.
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