如何使用 Python 发送电子邮件? [英] How to send an email with Python?

问题描述

此代码工作正常并向我发送电子邮件:

This code works and sends me an email just fine:

import smtplib
#SERVER = "localhost"

FROM = '[e-mail]'

TO = ["[e-mail]"] # must be a list

SUBJECT = "Hello!"

TEXT = "This message was sent with Python's smtplib."

# Prepare actual message

message = """
From: %s
To: %s
Subject: %s

%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)

# Send the mail

server = smtplib.SMTP('myserver')
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.quit()

但是，如果我尝试将其包装在这样的函数中:

However if I try to wrap it in a function like this:

def sendMail(FROM,TO,SUBJECT,TEXT,SERVER):
    import smtplib
    """this is some test documentation in the function"""
    message = """
        From: %s
        To: %s
        Subject: %s
        %s
        """ % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
    # Send the mail
    server = smtplib.SMTP(SERVER)
    server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
    server.quit()

并称之为我收到以下错误:

and call it I get the following errors:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Python31/mailtest1.py", line 8, in <module>
    sendmail.sendMail(sender,recipients,subject,body,server)
  File "C:/Python31sendmail.py", line 13, in sendMail
    server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
  File "C:Python31libsmtplib.py", line 720, in sendmail
    self.rset()
  File "C:Python31libsmtplib.py", line 444, in rset
    return self.docmd("rset")
  File "C:Python31libsmtplib.py", line 368, in docmd
    return self.getreply()
  File "C:Python31libsmtplib.py", line 345, in getreply
    raise SMTPServerDisconnected("Connection unexpectedly closed")
smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: Connection unexpectedly closed

谁能帮我理解为什么?

推荐答案

我建议您使用标准包 电子邮件 和 smtplib 一起发送电子邮件.请查看以下示例(转载自 Python 文档).请注意，如果您遵循这种方法，简单"任务确实很简单，而且更复杂的任务(例如附加二进制对象或发送纯文本/HTML 多部分消息)会非常迅速地完成.

I recommend that you use the standard packages email and smtplib together to send email. Please look at the following example (reproduced from the Python documentation). Notice that if you follow this approach, the "simple" task is indeed simple, and the more complex tasks (like attaching binary objects or sending plain/HTML multipart messages) are accomplished very rapidly.

# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib

# Import the email modules we'll need
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

# Open a plain text file for reading.  For this example, assume that
# the text file contains only ASCII characters.
with open(textfile, 'rb') as fp:
    # Create a text/plain message
    msg = MIMEText(fp.read())

# me == the sender's email address
# you == the recipient's email address
msg['Subject'] = 'The contents of %s' % textfile
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = you

# Send the message via our own SMTP server, but don't include the
# envelope header.
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.sendmail(me, [you], msg.as_string())
s.quit()

要将电子邮件发送到多个目的地，您还可以按照 Python 中的示例进行操作文档:

For sending email to multiple destinations, you can also follow the example in the Python documentation:

# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib

# Here are the email package modules we'll need
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

# Create the container (outer) email message.
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = 'Our family reunion'
# me == the sender's email address
# family = the list of all recipients' email addresses
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = ', '.join(family)
msg.preamble = 'Our family reunion'

# Assume we know that the image files are all in PNG format
for file in pngfiles:
    # Open the files in binary mode.  Let the MIMEImage class automatically
    # guess the specific image type.
    with open(file, 'rb') as fp:
        img = MIMEImage(fp.read())
    msg.attach(img)

# Send the email via our own SMTP server.
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.sendmail(me, family, msg.as_string())
s.quit()

如您所见，MIMEText 对象中的标题 To 必须是一个字符串，由以逗号分隔的电子邮件地址组成.另一方面，sendmail 函数的第二个参数必须是一个字符串列表(每个字符串都是一个电子邮件地址).

As you can see, the header To in the MIMEText object must be a string consisting of email addresses separated by commas. On the other hand, the second argument to the sendmail function must be a list of strings (each string is an email address).

因此，如果您有三个电子邮件地址:[e-mail]、[e-mail] 和 [e-mail]>，你可以做如下(明显部分省略):

So, if you have three email addresses: [e-mail], [e-mail], and [e-mail], you can do as follows (obvious sections omitted):

to = ["[e-mail]", "[e-mail]", "[e-mail]"]
msg['To'] = ",".join(to)
s.sendmail(me, to, msg.as_string())

",".join(to) 部分从列表中生成单个字符串，用逗号分隔.

the ",".join(to) part makes a single string out of the list, separated by commas.

根据您的问题，我认为您没有阅读Python 教程- 如果你想在 Python 中获得任何地方，这是必须的 - 文档对于标准库来说非常好.

From your questions I gather that you have not gone through the Python tutorial - it is a MUST if you want to get anywhere in Python - the documentation is mostly excellent for the standard library.

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