模拟和模拟有什么区别?存根? [英] What's the difference between a mock & stub?

问题描述

我阅读了各种关于测试中的模拟与存根的文章，包括 Martin Fowler 的模拟不是存根，但还是不明白其中的区别.

I've read various articles about mocking vs stubbing in testing, including Martin Fowler's Mocks Aren't Stubs, but still don't understand the difference.

推荐答案

存根

我相信最大的区别是您已经编写了具有预定行为的存根.因此，您将拥有一个实现您为测试目的而伪造的依赖项(最有可能是抽象类或接口)的类，并且这些方法将被设置响应.他们不会做任何花哨的事情，而且您已经在测试之外为其编写了存根代码.

I believe the biggest distinction is that a stub you have already written with predetermined behavior. So you would have a class that implements the dependency (abstract class or interface most likely) you are faking for testing purposes and the methods would just be stubbed out with set responses. They would not do anything fancy and you would have already written the stubbed code for it outside of your test.

模拟

模拟是作为测试的一部分，您必须根据自己的期望进行设置.模拟不是以预先确定的方式设置的，因此您有在测试中执行它的代码.在某种程度上，模拟是在运行时确定的，因为设置期望的代码必须在它们执行任何操作之前运行.

A mock is something that as part of your test you have to setup with your expectations. A mock is not setup in a predetermined way so you have code that does it in your test. Mocks in a way are determined at runtime since the code that sets the expectations has to run before they do anything.

模拟和存根的区别

使用 mock 编写的测试通常遵循 initialize ->设定期望 ->锻炼->验证 模式进行测试.虽然预先编写的存根将遵循 initialize ->;锻炼->验证.

Tests written with mocks usually follow an initialize -> set expectations -> exercise -> verify pattern to testing. While the pre-written stub would follow an initialize -> exercise -> verify.

模拟和存根之间的相似之处

两者的目的都是为了消除对类或函数的所有依赖项的测试，这样您的测试就更集中、更简单地证明了它们.

The purpose of both is to eliminate testing all the dependencies of a class or function so your tests are more focused and simpler in what they are trying to prove.

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